痰诱导技术应用于肺结核病原学诊断的研究进展

Study progress on the application of sputum induction in the etiological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

痰诱导技术是一种公认的相对安全、无创的非侵入性采样方法,用于收集和分析气道细胞,获取囊性纤维化患者的气道分泌物,广泛用于优化各种呼吸道炎症疾病的检测,以及对炎症进程及其机制的研究。痰诱导已被证明可以提供与支气管镜检查类似的结核病患者阳性诊断率,痰诱导标准化方法的建立提高了痰样品的质量。而高质量的痰有助于提高肺结核病原学检测的敏感度,从而改善肺结核的阳性诊断率。作者综述了痰诱导技术的研究现状和临床应用情况,阐述了不同的痰诱导方法,包括高渗盐水、肺笛、物理痰液收集技术、高渗盐水+物理痰液收集技术在临床应用中的差异,深入说明了通过常用的高渗盐水来诱导痰在结核病病原学诊断中的临床价值。

Sputum induction is recognized as a safe and non-invasive sampling method for collecting and analyzing airway cells,obtaining airway secretions from the patients with cystic fibrosis.It has been widely used for optimizing the examinations of various respiratory inflammatory diseases diagnosis,as well as for researching the inflammatory process and its mechanisms.Sputum induction has been demonstrated that it can achieve the similar positive rate to bronchoscope examination in tuberculosis(TB)diagnosis.The establishment of a standardized method of sputum induction has improved the quality of sputum sample.High quality sputum samples are helpful to improve the sensitivity of etiological detection of pulmonary TB,thus improving the positive rate of pulmonary TB diagnosis.The authors reviewed the current situation of sputum induction researches,as well as its clinical applications.They also compared the efficiency of different sputum induction methods in clinical applications,including hypertonic saline,lung flutters,physiotherapy sputum sample collection technology,and hypertonic saline plus physiotherapy sputum sample collection technology.The value of sputum induction method with hypertonic saline in etiological diagnosis of TB was in depth discussed in this paper.