家庭与个人因素对小学生实施校园暴力行为影响

Impact of family and personal factors on campus violence perpetration among urban primary school students

目的了解小学生校园暴力施暴行为现况,探讨个人及家庭因素对校园暴力行为的影响。方法于2018年10月—2019年1月,采用分层整群抽样方法,对四川省泸州市12所小学3~5年级6 048名小学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查。结果调查对象校园暴力施暴行为发生率为30.20%。家庭因素中,和兄弟姐妹关系一般(OR=1.28,P=0.046)、母亲文化程度较低(OR=1.26,P=0.036;OR=1.42,P=0.002;OR=1.59,P <0.001)、非原生家庭(OR=1.34,P=0.001)等是校园暴力行为的危险因素;父母未当面吵架(OR=0.53,P <0.001)、积极教养方式(OR=0.54,P <0.001)是校园暴力施暴行为的保护性因素。结论不良家庭结构、紧张的家庭氛围,消极教养方式与母亲文化程度较低等家庭因素都与小学生暴力行为有关,因此良好的家庭关系与氛围,优化的家庭教育形式与方法,有助于减少校园暴力行为的发生。

Objective To examine the prevalence of and the impact of personal and family factors on campus violence perpetration among pupils. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling, we recruited 6 066 grade 3–5 students at 12 primary schools in urban Luzhou of Sichuan province and conducted a self-administered anonymous survey with a self-designed questionnaire between November 2018 and January 2019. Results Of the 6 048 students with valid response, 30.20%reported campus violence perpetration during previous one year. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that significant risk factors for the students’ campus violence perpetration included general relationship with siblings(compared to good relationship: odds ratio [OR] = 1.28, P = 0.046), maternal education of lower than college level(senior high school/technical secondary school: OR = 1.26, P = 0.036;junior high school: OR = 1.42, P = 0.002;primary school: OR = 1.59, P < 0.001), in a non-native family(compared to in a family-of-origin: OR = 1.34, P = 0.001);while,significant protective factors were no witnessed quarrel between parents(OR = 0.53, P < 0.001) and with positive parenting style(OR = 0.54, P < 0.001). Conclusion Poor family structure, tense family environment, negative parenting style and lower maternal education are associated with campus violence perpetration among primary school students.