杠香生药学鉴别研究

Study on the Pharmacognostic Identification of Southwest Ethnic Medicine of Dalbergia yunnanensis Resin-containing Wood

目的研究杠香生药学特征,为杠香质量标准的制定提供依据。方法采用性状鉴定、显微鉴定及理化鉴定方法进行研究。结果杠香呈长圆柱状、扁块状或不规则块状,其色泽丰富,花纹多样;木质多坚硬致密,入水沉,具花香、蜜香、降香及椰香等多种香气;味淡微涩、回甘。杠香根部横切面木射线宽多1~2列细胞,导管多单个、偶见数个成群,轴向薄壁组织带状,与纤维束相间排列。切向纵切面木射线略叠生,宽多1~2列细胞,高多5~24个细胞;导管为具缘纹孔短节导管;木薄壁细胞长方形或一端尖锐,壁连珠状增厚。径向纵切面木射线横向带状,为异形细胞射线,与木纤维垂直相交。茎部三切面显微与根部相似。粉末及解离组织中主含木纤维细胞、具缘纹孔导管、木射线细胞、木薄壁细胞。化学成分预试验结果表明,杠香除含有挥发油外,尚可能含有糖类、有机酸类、酚类、鞣质类、黄酮类、甾体类、三萜类、强心苷类、生物碱类等成分。所建立的薄层色谱方法分离度较好,可用于杠香的专属性鉴定。结论对杠香性状、显微特征进行了鉴别,建立了杠香的薄层色谱鉴别方法,并对其化学成分进行初步研究,可为杠香的专属性鉴定及质量标准研究提供参考。

Objective To study pharmacognostic features of resin-containing wood of Dalbergia yunnanensis,and provide a basis for the establishment of its quality standards.Methods The macroscopical identification,microscopic identification and physicochemical identification were applied for experimental study.Results With long cylindrical,flat block or irregular block,Dalbergia yunnanensis resin-containing wood showed rich colors and various patterns.Sinking into the water,the wood was hard and dense with flowery,honey-like,odorifera-like and coconut-like fragrance.The taste was light,slightly astringent and sweet.In the cross section of the root,the xylem rays were often 1-2 cells in width,and the vessels are mostly single and occasionally several in groups.Axial parenchyma was band-shaped,arranged alternately with fiber bundles.In the tangential section,the xylem rays were slightly stacked,with 1-2 cells in width and 5-24 cells in height.Besides,it had bordered pit vessels.The axial parenchyma cells were rectangular or sharp at one end with bead-like thickened walls.In the radial longitudinal section,intersecting perpendicularly with fiber bundles,the xylem rays were classified in transverse bands and heteromorphic.In addition,the three sections of the stem were microscopically similar to the root.There were fiber cells,bordered pit vessels,ray cells and parenchyma cells in both the powder and dissociative tissue.Preliminary tests for chemical components showed that there might contain carbohydrates,organic acids,phenols,tannins,flavonoids,steroids,triterpenes,cardiac glycosides,and alkaloids.The established thin layer chromatography method had a good resolution and can be used for the identification of the specificity of Dalbergia yunnanensis resin-containing wood.Conclusion The macroscopical and microscopic characteristics of Dalbergia yunnanensis resin-containing wood were identified,a thin layer chromatography identification method was established,and a preliminary study of its chemical composition was carried out to provide references for the identification of Dalbergia yunnanensis resin-containing wood and quality standards.