生态补偿有助于脱贫攻坚吗?——基于重点生态功能区转移支付的准自然实验研究

Does Ecological Compensation Help Winning the Tough Battle against Poverty?Quasi-natural Experiment Research Based on Transfer Payment in Key Ecological Function Zone

构建生态补偿的减贫框架,借助政府“依申请公开”平台手工整理了2002—2016年间重点生态功能区县级数据,采用“PSM-DID”方法实证检验了生态补偿的减贫效应。研究发现,生态补偿能显著改善贫困,其减贫的主要机制是改善区域环境和促进劳动力就业。当前生态补偿政策存在减贫效应不够精准、补助规模较小等缺陷,应进一步强化生态补偿贫困识别机制,提高补助规模并丰富补助形式等。

This paper builds a poverty reduction framework for ecological compensation,manually organizes county-level data for key ecological function zones from 2002 to 2016 with the help of the government’s“open application”platform,and uses the“PSM-DID”method to empirically test the poverty reduction effect of ecological compensation.The study finds out that ecological compensation can significantly alleviate poverty.The main mechanism of poverty reduction is to improve the regional environment and increase employment.However,the current ecological compensation policy has defects such as inaccurate poverty reduction effect and small subsidy scale.This paper proposes reform proposals:further strengthening the ecological compensation poverty identification mechanism,increasing the scale of subsidies,and enriching the forms of subsidies.