水体氨氮的电催化氧化消除技术研究进展

Research Progress in Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ammonia for Its Removal from Water

随着人类社会生活和工业生产的高速发展,大量氨氮进入自然水体,超出其自净能力造成污染,对生态环境和人体健康造成严重的威胁;电催化氧化技术是一种由可再生能源电驱动,将氨氮在电极表面快速选择性氧化为氮气的方法,具有反应过程可控,条件温和,勿需外加化学物质,无污泥产生,二次污染小等优点,被认为是一种前景较优的环境水体污染修复和水质安全保障技术;氨氧化反应机制和电极催化效率是当前研究者关注的重点,也是实现技术可控应用的关键;现重点综述当前水体氨氮的电催化氧化技术的研究进展,着重从电催化氧化机制(包括氮气形成方式和自由基类型),高效催化剂的类型和优缺点,及各种催化材料的制备方法这3方面进行阐述;最后,对研究方向未来的发展方向和内容进行了展望。

With the rapid development of human social life and industrial production,a large amount of ammonia enters natural water bodies,exceeding its self-purification ability and causing pollution,which poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health.Electrocatalytic oxidation technology is a method that is electrically driven by renewable energy to rapidly and selectively oxidize ammonia nitrogen to nitrogen on the electrode surface.It showed the superiority in the aspects of a controllable reaction process,mild reaction conditions,no additional chemicals required,and no sludge produced,which made it a promising technology for environmental water pollution remediation.The mechanism of ammoxidation and the efficiency of electrode catalysis are the focus of current researchers,and also the key to realize the controllable application of this technology.In view of this,the current research progress of electrocatalytic oxidation technology of ammonia nitrogen in water is reviewed,focusing on the mechanism of electrocatalytic oxidation(including the formation of nitrogen and the types of free radicals),the types,advantages and disadvantages of efficient catalysts,and the preparation methods of various catalytic materials.Finally,the future development direction and content of this research direction are prospected.