慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸肌功能障碍和呼吸康复策略

Respiratory muscle dysfunction and respiratory rehabilitation strategies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)是一种常见的、可预防和可治疗的疾病,以持续的呼吸道症状和气流受限为特征,严重影响患者日常生活和生命质量。慢阻肺患者的症状主要表现为呼吸困难,研究表明呼吸困难与呼吸肌力学改变、适应性变化、呼吸肌代谢改变密切相关。慢阻肺全球创议(global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease,GOLD)2020指出,至2060年可能每年有超过540万人死于慢阻肺及其相关疾病,GOLD 2020强调了肺康复治疗在慢阻肺患者管理中不可或缺的重要作用。有氧运动训练和呼吸肌功能训练是肺康复治疗中的重要组成部分。本文重点在于汇总文献,进一步明确慢阻肺与呼吸肌功能障碍的关系,为制订慢阻肺患者的呼吸康复策略提供理论依据。

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common disease that can be prevented and treated.It is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation,which seriously affects patients'daily life and quality of life.The dysfunction of COPD patients is mainly manifested as dyspnea.Current research shows that dyspnea is closely related to changes in respiratory muscle mechanics,adaptability,and changes in respiratory muscle metabolism.The global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease(GOLD)2020 points out that by 2060,more than 5.4 million people may die from COPD and related diseases each year.The GOLD 2020 guidelines emphasize the lung rehabilitation therapy plays an indispensable role in the management of COPD patients.Aerobic exercise training and respiratory muscle function training are important parts of pulmonary rehabilitation therapy.Therefore,the focus of this review is to summarize the literature,to clarify the relationship between COPD and respiratory muscle dysfunction,and to provide a theoretical basis for respiratory rehabilitation strategies for patients with COPD.