汉族和少数民族儿童托吡卡胺扩瞳验光及其不良反应分析

Evaluation of cycloplegia refraction of tropicamide and its adverse reactions between Han and minority children

目的了解云南省临沧市不同民族8岁小学生屈光不正的情况,比较托吡卡胺滴眼液扩瞳前后客观验光差异并分析相关不良反应。方法描述性研究。对二年级102名学生(共102眼),进行小瞳电脑验光检查后给予托吡卡胺滴眼液扩瞳,采用配对t检验比较扩瞳前后球镜度数、柱镜度数和轴位差异,汉族和少数民族间差异采用独立样本t检验。汉族和少数民族学生扩瞳后不良反应发生率采用卡方检验。结果汉族学生裸眼视力为0.77±0.25,显著低于少数民族学生(0.89±0.26,t=-2.428,P=0.017)。扩瞳后近视率为20.59%,汉族学生近视所占比例(76.19%)显著高于少数民族学生(23.81%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.762,P=0.016)。汉族学生扩瞳前后等效球镜度数分别为(-0.53±1.01)D和(+0.43±0.72)D,少数民族学生扩瞳前后等效球镜度数分别为(-0.39±1.13)D和(+0.17±1.25)D,差异均有统计学意义(t汉族=-5.750,P<0.01;t少数民族=-2.332,P=0.024),柱镜度数和轴位扩瞳前后差异没有统计学意义,民族间差异无统计学意义。托吡卡胺滴眼液扩瞳后出现眼痛(0.98%)、畏光(48.04%)、视远模糊(3.92%)、视近模糊(59.80%)、头晕(3.92%)等不良反应,汉族和少数民族学生扩瞳后不良反应差异没有统计学意义。结论儿童扩瞳验光有助于监测近视,托吡卡胺滴眼液的不良反应不受民族差异影响。

Objective To investigate the distribution of refractive errors between 8-year-old Han and minority children in lincang city,Yunnan Province,to analyze the effect of tropicamide eye drops on the change of objective refraction,and to evaluate the adverse reactions of tropicamide.Methods A total of 102 grade 2 primary school students(102 eyes)were recruited.The autorefraction were detected before and after cycloplegia utilizing tropicamide and paired t-test were conducted.The changes of refraction errors were analyzed between Han and minority groups with independent t-test.The occurrence of adverse reactions were compared by the Chi-square test.Results There was a significant increase in the incidence of myopia in Han children(76.19%)compared with the minority children(23.81%)after cycloplegia(χ^(2)=5.762,P=0.016).The spherical equivalent refractive errors before and after cycloplegia were(-0.53±1.01)D and(+0.43±0.72)D in Han children,(-0.39±1.13)D and(+0.17±1.25)D in minority group,and the differences were statistically significant(tHan=-5.750,P<0.01;t minority=-2.332,P=0.024).There was no significant difference in the cylinder diopter and axis before and after mydriasis.After utilizing tropicamide,the occurrence of adverse effects were: eye pain (0.98%),photophobia (48.04%),distant blur (3.92%)and near blur (59.80%),dizziness(3.92%), respectively. There was no statistical difference in the adverse reactions of tropicamide eye dropsamong ethnicity. Conclusions Cycloplegia refraction is a good predictor for the onset of myopia in children.The adverse reactions of tropicamide eye drops are not affected by ethnicity.