中美初中化学教材情境创设分析——以化学反应模块为例

Analysis of Scene Creation of Junior High School Chemistry Materials in China and America——Through Taking Chemical Reaction Model as an Example

以化学反应模块为例对中美两国初中化学教材情境创设进行分析(中版为A,美版为B)。比较了情境数量、类型和呈现方式:在情境数量上,B比A多了近一半;在情境类型方面,A的实验探究情境和知识类情境占据主要,B在生活情境、实验情境和模拟联想情境方面突出;在情境呈现方式方面,B重在实验和图片,A重在文字和实验。对情境构成特征进行比较,发现B的分布均衡,与生活联系紧密,主题知识系统,但在活动过程和信息支持方面的水平偏低。A在知识的结构性、宏观微观和实验步骤方面提供了很好的信息支持,但活动过程中学生的参与度不高。对情境功能特征进行比较研究,发现B在情境的功能特征数量分布和多重功能数量分布上都明显高于A。编写教材时,要多创造一些接近生活的情境,对科学理论的发展历程和科学家的研究历程进行详细介绍和解读,选择一些生活中的熟悉药品,降低学生的学习难度。

The research analyzes the scene creation of junior high school chemistry materials in China and America through taking chemical reaction model as an example(A as China and B as America).Situation number,type and presentation are compared.In scene number,B is more than half of A;in scene type,experiment exploration scene and knowledge scene account for the main in A,and living,experiment and simulation association situation account for the main in B.In presentation aspect,B focuses on experiment and picture,and A focuses on characters and experiment.In the comparison of situation constitution characteristics,we find the distribution in B is balance,it is closely linked with living and thematic knowledge system,but it’s low in activity process and information support.A provides good information support for the knowledge structure,macroscopic and microcosmic view,and experimental procedure,but student participation is not high in the activity process.In the comparison of situation function characteristics,we find the number distribution of functional characteristics and multiple functions in B are significantly higher than A.During material writing,it is necessary to create some situation close to the living,instruct and explain the development process of scientific theory and the research progress of the scientists,select some medicine which are familiar in their life,and reduce the study difficulties of the students.