四川省黄瓜地方品种种质资源农艺性状多样性分析

Diversity Analysis of Agronomic Traits on Cucumber Local Germplasms of Sichuan Province

【目的】开展四川黄瓜地方品种种质资源农艺性状分析,有利于对本地优势资源的保存和开发利用。【方法】对收集的77份四川省黄瓜地方品种种质资源进行植物学特征特性鉴定,并对其21个主要农艺性状进行遗传变异、相关性、主成分和聚类分析。【结果】77个种质资源的各个农艺性状存在明显差异,10个数量性状变异系数为9.52%~29.83%,变异系数最大的为单瓜重,遗传多样性指数最大的为叶宽(2.082),11个质量性状的遗传多样性指数为0.075~0.843,瓜刺色遗传多样性指数最高。主成分分析前7个主成分因子累积贡献率为67.68%,包含15个农艺性状。利用ward’s法聚类参试种质资源划分为4大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群果实肉厚、单瓜重都较大,瓜把较短,对于丰产亲本选择具有较大潜力;第Ⅲ类群大部分资源第一雌花节位比较低,果实肉也比较厚,但单瓜重较低,可用来选育肉质紧密小果型品种。【结论】四川省黄瓜地方品种种质资源遗传多样性较丰富,具有很好的收集保存价值,并在黄瓜育种中加以利用。

【Objective】Analysis of agronomic traits for cucumber local germplasms of Sichuan province is beneficial for protection and utilization of superior resources.【Method】Agronomic traits of 77 local cucumber germplasms collected from Sichuan province were investigated for the hereditary variation analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】The results showed that 21 traits had significant difference between planted different germplasms.The variation coefficient of 10 quantitative traits ranged from 9.52%to 29.83%,and the largest one was single fruit weight.The genetic diversity index of quality traits ranged from 0.075 to 0.843,the fruit spine color genetic diversity index was maximum.The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive contribution rate of seven principal component factors was 67.68%.7 principal component factors included 15 agronomic traits.All the germplasms were divided into four groups by cluster analysis.Compared with the other groups,fruit flesh thickness and single fruit weight of the first group local cultivars were larger,and length of fruit end was shorter.The germplasms of third group were characterized by low first pistillate flower bearing node,thicker fruit flesh and light-weight single fruit,for breeding of small fruit type varieties.【Conclusion】In summary,genetic diversity of germplasm resources in Sichuan province was abundant.We should collect,evaluate and preserve these germplasms for applying to breeding.