土层置换及土壤培肥对石灰性黑钙土土壤水溶性盐离子的影响

Characteristics of Base Ion Migration of Calcareous Chernozem to Directional Fertilization After Soil Layer Replacement

【目的】土壤中盐基离子是评价土壤肥力的重要指标,不同深度土壤营养离子浓度差异大、旱时板结僵硬、涝时粘结、蓄水保墒能力低等问题严重影响了作物常量;本文以黑龙江某区块的石灰性黑钙土为研究对象,研究土层置换与培肥对石灰性黑钙土土壤盐基离子的影响。【方法】土层置换及土壤培肥后,对土壤盐分的分布与变化进行了研究,将0~20 cm土层与20~40 cm土层进行1年土层置换后连续3年定向培肥处理,在正常施用基肥的前提下,以不进行土层置换为对照(CK),土层置换(T1)、土层置换+秸秆(T2)、土层置换+500 kg/667m^(2)烘干鸡粪(T3)、土层置换+40%理论磷肥施用量(T4)4种处理方法为实验组,研究了不同施肥情况对土层置换后定向培肥的效果。【结果】土层置换+基肥并施加有机肥(T3)处理效果最好,能够增加水溶性钾离子含量,平衡钠离子、碳酸氢根离子与pH酸碱性,降低钙离子、镁离子、硫酸根离子、氯离子含量。【结论】研究表明,在改善土壤阳离子和阴离子的过程中采用土层置换技术的效果较为明显。此方法能够平衡土壤酸碱度,其中以土层置换+500 kg/667m^(2)烘干鸡粪效果最佳,平衡了土壤阴阳离子含量,改善了土壤pH值,为玉米营造良好的土壤环境,适于推广应用。

【Objective】Base ion in soil is an important index to evaluate soil fertility.The problems of different depth of soil nutrient ion concentration,hardening in drought,sticking and decaying in waterlogging,low water storage and soil moisture conservation capacity seriously affect crop constants.【Method】In the present paper,the calcareous chernozem in a certain area of Heilongjiang province is taken as the research object to study the effect of soil replacement and fertilization on base ion in calcareous chernozem soil;Under the condition of soil replacement and directional fertilization,the distribution and change of soil salt were studied.0-20 cm soil and 20-40 cm soil were treated with directional fertilization for three consecutive years after one-year soil replacement.Under the premise of normal application of base fertilizer,the soil replacement(T1),soil replacement+straw(T2),soil replacement+500 kg/667 m^(2) were taken as the control without soil replacement.In the experiment group,the treatment methods of M2 dried chicken manure(T3)and soil replacement+40%theoretical phosphate fertilizer application(T4)were used to study the effect of different fertilization conditions on directional fertilization after soil replacement.【Result】Soil replacement+basal fertilizer and application of organic fertilizer(T3)had the best effect,which could increase the content of water-soluble potassium ions,balance the content of sodium ions,bicarbonate ions and pH acidity and alkalinity,and reduce the content of calcium ions,magnesium ions,sulfate ions and chloride ions.【Conclusion】The results show that the effect of soil layer replacement technology is obvious in the process of improving soil cation and anion.It can balance the pH value of soil,among which the effect of drying chicken manure with soil layer replacement+500 kg/667 m^(2) is the best.It can balance the content of anion and cation in soil,improve the pH value of soil,and create a good soil environment for corn,which is suitable for popularization and application.