“A得C”的语义特征、构式演变及其二语教学

Semantics,Evolution and Pedagogical Implications of“Adjective+de(得)+Complement”Construction

共时层面上,根据句法语义特征的差异,“A得C”构式下位可分为“A得+NP+VP”“A得+VP”“A得+C程度”三个子图式,且三者对形容词的搭配选择存在显著的语义倾向性。历时层面上,“A得C”经历了“结果/状态补语→状态补语→程度补语”的演变历程,此外,补语类型和形容词语义类别之间的相关性也存在一定的历时缘由。综合考虑三个子图式的历时演变顺序、二语构式习得的特征以及形容词的语义特征,文章提出了针对性的教学建议,以期有助于汉语二语教学。

According to different syntactic and semantic features,“Adjective+de(得)+Complement”can be classified into three subschema:“A+de(得)+NP+VP”,“NP+A+de(得)+VP”and“A+de(得)+Cdegree”,and it is argued that the complement selection is greatly determined by the predicate ad⁃jective.After a diachronic analysis,it is found that“Adjective+de(得)+Complement”has developed in such a direction:resulting state>state>degree,and the relationship between predicate adjective types and complement types can be explained by diachronic evidence.On the basis of evolution sequence of“Ad⁃jective+de(得)+Complement”,the routes of construction acquisition in SLA and semantic types of ad⁃jectives in Chinese,this paper proposes some pedagogical implications to help students have a better grasp of this construction.