川西林盘乡村景观要素和要素组成与感知、偏好和压力恢复的关系

Elements and Element Components of the Rural Landscape in Linpan of Western Sichuan in Relation to Perception,Preference and Stress Recovery

自然环境有助于人们的感知、偏好和健康恢复。以往研究多集中在乡村整体环境对压力恢复的积极作用,或者乡村景观的感知与偏好,鲜有同时整合感知、偏好和压力恢复的研究。本文提出了一个包含川西林盘乡村景观11个要素和38个要素组成的框架,并将其作为调查的一部分在网上发布,共收集了324份有效问卷。问卷内容包括人口统计资料、对林盘的感知偏好程度以及对压力恢复的自我评估。通过逐步多元线性回归分析,揭示了16个对乡村环境的感知、偏好和压力恢复有显著影响的预测因子。就要素而言,氛围和意象是最能被感知的两个要素,林、田、水、宅、路是被偏好的5个要素。此外,这7个要素也是压力恢复的显著预测因子。在要素组成中,安恬静谧与路水相依是感知的重要预测因子,视野开阔与林宅相融对压力恢复有显著影响;林地内部、菜地、溪流、庭院空间和支路对偏好与压力恢复均有显著的预测能力。川西林盘要素与要素组成的组合,拓展了对乡村环境感知、偏好和恢复性的理解,有助于提高乡村内外环境的质量与特点,创造有益健康的环境。

Natural environments contribute to people’s perception,preference and health restoration.Many researchers have focused either on the positive effects of overall rural environments on stress recovery or concentrated on the perception and preference aspects of the rural landscape,but few have integrated perception,preference and stress recovery simultaneously.This paper developed a framework which includes 11 elements and 38 element components related to Linpan,China,and distributed it online as part of a survey.As a result,a total of 324 valid questionnaires were collected.The questionnaire included demographic details,perception and preference degree for Linpan,as well as self-estimations of stress recovery.Stepwise multiple linear regression was employed,and revealed 16 significant predictors for the perception,preference and stress recovery in rural environments.In terms of elements,atmosphere and imagery were the two elements that could be best perceived,while woodland,farmland,water,residence and road were the five most important elements for the preference.Moreover,seven elements were also identified as significant predictors for stress recovery.Among the element components,tranquility as well as road and water proximity were the two significant predictors for perception,while wide visibility as well as woodland and residence blending contributed significantly to stress recovery.The five element components of woodland interior,vegetable field,stream,courtyard space and branch road each had a significantly predictive ability for preference and stress recovery.These findings extend the understanding of the perception,preference and restorative properties of rural environments through the combination of elements and element components in Linpan of Western Sichuan,helping to improve the quality and characteristics of rural external and internal environments and create health-promoting environments.