家庭企划情境下郊区居民一周活动时空特征分析——以北京上地—清河为例

Weekly spatiotemporal behavior of suburban residents in family context:A case study of the Shangdi-Qinghe area in Beijing

家庭企划是个体日常生活的重要情境,其实现依赖于家庭成员的分工和组合,同时受到时空制约与时空资源的影响。以往日常活动与交通出行研究多以家庭属性作为个体行为背景,基于个体的时间利用与活动参与进行性别差异研究,对家庭成员联合行为与分工的研究相对不足。论文借助时间地理学中企划情境的概念,从家庭企划的视角对北京上地—清河地区3个典型案例家庭中所有成员一周时空路径进行解读,深入分析在不同制约与资源下,家庭成员的日常活动和出行的分工与组合,从企划的视角深化对个体时空行为模式的理解。研究发现,家长就业状况及职住空间关系、孩子年龄、是否与父母同住、私家车拥有和使用情况等对家庭企划的实现过程有重要影响,呈现出不同的分工与组合模式。在家庭企划实现过程中,制约与资源的动态转化体现了家庭地方秩序的构建与重构,有助于理解家庭成员日常活动的惯常性与偶然性。总之,家庭企划视角的引入有助于精准了解居民行为需求和制约机制、提供精细化的规划与管理服务。

Family is an important context of individuals'everyday life.Solo and joint activity participation of family members is strongly affected by spatiotemporal constraints and resources.An extensive literature has focused on intra-household interaction and its impacts on households'daily activity patterns,but most studies are limited to aggregated time use and activity participation,and implicitly examine the interaction between family members.Using one-week GPS-based activity-travel diary dataset of three families in the Shangdi-Qinghe area of Beijing,this study applied the concept of project context in time geography to extend the study of household task division to a one-week period,to describe the characteristics and understand the strategies of household task division in suburban families.Spatiotemporal paths were used to describe and analyze solo and joint activity participation of family members.We found that working status,age of children,presence of extended family members,and ownership of private cars have complicated impacts on the allocation of household tasks,resulting in different patterns of allocation of household responsibility among family members.In this process,the dynamic transformation of constraints and resources reflects the construction and reconstruction of family local order,and routine-forming and routine-changing of individual behavior.To conclude,the introduction of family project helps to explicitly understand tasks and constraints of family members of suburban residents,and to provide sophisticated and nuanced planning and services.