建成环境是否影响居民健康生活方式?——基于北京22个社区的实证分析

Does the built environment impact residents’healthy lifestyle?Empirical analysis based on 22 communities in Beijing

健康社区建设是后疫情时代的重要趋势,在促进居民健康状况方面,只有针对各类生活方式进行组合干预才能将个体患病风险降到最低并保证居民身心的全面健康。论文选取了北京22个典型社区,利用2019年北京城市体检问卷调查数据构建了社区居民健康生活方式的评价指标体系,并在此基础上结合社区生活圈内的建成环境空间数据,借助多层线性模型考察了社区建成环境对居民生活方式的影响。模型分析结果表明:居民生活方式健康度差异的6.93%可以被社区之间的差异解释;在社区边界500 m搜索口径内,城市功能混合度较低、公共交通系统较发达、公园邻近度较高的建成环境更有利于居民形成健康的生活方式;从社区类型上看,政策性住房社区居民的生活方式健康度显著低于其他类型社区。研究从促进社区居民形成健康生活方式的角度,为健康社区建设提供新的思路。

The construction of healthy communities is an important trend in the post-pandemic era.While many studies have investigated the effects of single lifestyle behaviors on health,the minimization of the individual risk of disease might only be achieved by a combination of these behaviors.This paper uses the 2019 Beijing City Physical Examination questionnaire survey data to construct an evaluation index system for the healthy lifestyle behaviors of community residents.Based on this,we use the hierarchical linear model(HLM)to investigate the impact of community built environment on residents'lifestyle.Results from the HLM show that the differences between neighborhoods can explain 6.93%of the differences in residents'healthy lifestyle.And within the 500 m buffer zone of the community boundary,the built environment with a low degree of urban function mix,a well-developed public transportation system,and a high proximity to parks is more conducive for residents to form a healthy lifestyle.And from the perspective of community type,the healthy degree of lifestyle of residents in policyhousing communities is significantly lower than that of other communities,which is manifested in the low level of social communication and mental health.This study provides new ideas for the construction of healthy communities from the perspective of promoting a healthy lifestyle for community residents.