元镇守武昌“保定万户府”考——以万户张氏为中心

Study on the Baoding Myriarchy Garrisoning in Wuchang:Focusing on the Myriarch Zhang’s Family

顺天张柔为蒙古政权治下的汉人世侯之一。蒙(元)宋对峙期间,张柔率部长期驻扎亳州,负责对南宋作战,亳州成为荟萃各地汉军的屯兵重地,张柔、张弘略父子先后任亳州万户,统一进行指挥。李璮之乱后,张氏失去对亳州军团的指挥权。此后,亳州军团逐渐分化出众多汉军万户,张氏嫡系部队亦被拆分。元灭南宋后,重组军队,张氏嫡系部队定名为“保定万户府”,由参与灭宋有功的张柔子张弘范及其后人世袭万户。保定万户府先是驻守建康、太平,后移驻武昌,成为湖广行省的镇戍军主力之一。

Zhang Rou of Shuntian was one of Han warlords under the rule of Mongol Empire.Zhang Rou moved to Bozhou in charge of operations against the Southern Song for a long time during the confrontation between the Mongol-Yuan and the Southern Song.Therefore,Bozhou became a militant stronghold where numerous troops from different areas were assembled.Zhang Rou,then his son Zhang Hong-lüe,holding the post of Bozhou Myriarch,was the commander of those troops.After Li Tan’s rebellion,Zhang lost the military command of the Bozhou army.Since then,many new Han Myriarchies were separated from the Bozhou army and Zhang’s own forces were divided into different units.After the demise of the Southern Song,the Yuan government began to reorganize the army and Zhang’s own forces were reunited into the Baoding Myriarchy.Zhang Hong-fan,who was Zhang Rou’s another son and had meritorious service to destroy the Southern Song,and his descendant became the hereditary Myriarchy.The Baoding Myriarchy garrisoned Jiankang and Taiping at first,then moved to Wuchang and became one of the main garrison armies of Huguang province.