异化的“物化化”与西方马克思主义的审美乌托邦

Alienation Assimilation by Reification and the Aesthetic Utopia of Western Marxism

20世纪初,卢卡奇依据商品拜物教等诸多马克思后期的理论和概念推断出物化理论,并迅速产生广泛影响力。当青年马克思的异化概念再次问世时,物化被认为是异化的进一步拓展,异化不可避免地被"物化化"。这导致与异化紧密相连的劳动本体让位于与物化相连的精神本体。西马学者由此逐渐脱离劳动实践,开始向后寻找革命迟缓的理由,并专注于民众意识形态的转化。革命与异化的勾连导致实践行动的日渐消沉,审美救赎成为唯一出路,最终演化成各种形式的审美乌托邦。

At the beginning of twentieth Century,according to the late principles and concepts of Marx,such as commodity fetishism,the theory of materialization was obtained by Lukacs. The theory quickly generated widespread influence. When the concept of alienation of young Marx came out again,reification was regarded as the further development of alienation. Alienation is inevitably assimilated by reification,this leads to the alienation by taking labor as noumenon was replaced by the reification which takes ideology as noumenon.Western Marxist scholars gradually divorced from the labor practice,they began to find reasons for delayed revolution and focused on how to transform the ideology of ordinary people. Their efforts are no longer toward the future. It led to the gradual decline of the practical action of the revolution,so they were pessimistic about the future universally.