儿童文本与成人建构:西方儿童文学批评的理论探索

Children’s Texts and Adult Construction:A Theoretical Exploration of Children’s Literary Criticism

西方儿童文学研究一直密切关注儿童文本中的成人—儿童权力关系。以杰奎琳·罗斯等代表的学者,揭示了成人意识形态如何建构了内在的儿童形象,从而操控文本外的儿童读者。玛丽亚·尼古拉耶娃提出的"成人规范",则为儿童文学中的权力批评提供了一种新的理论视角,是西方儿童文学建构话语的强调和重申。而当代儿童文学批评又逐渐从这种二元对立解读关系中脱离出来,出现了诸如"亲属模式"等更多元化的声音。通过对西方儿童文学权力批评的梳理可以看出,当代儿童文学批评超越了单一的建构话语批评,走向更加开放、多元的解读模式。

Power relationship between adults and children has always been an important concern in western children’s literary criticism.Scholars examine how adult ideology constructs the conceptual child to manipulate readers outside the text. Maria Nikolajeva’s concept of"aetonormativity"tries to analyze how adult ideology penetrates into the text from a theoretical perspective. It consolidates the longlasting binary discourse between the child and adult. Contemporary children’s literature criticism,however,gradually breaks away from this antagonistic opposition and comes up with more diversified voices such as"kinship mode". Through the exploration of the power criticism in children’s literature,it can be concluded that contemporary children’s literature criticism has gone beyond the adult discourse and moved towards a more open and diversified mode of interpretation.