高脂日粮对鲤鱼生长及肌肉营养成分的影响

Effect of high-fat diet on growth and muscle nutritional ingredients of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)

试验研究降低日粮中蛋白质含量、增加脂肪含量对鲤鱼生长、肌肉营养成分、脂肪酸组成、血液生理指标的影响。选择180尾鲤鱼,分为2组(对照组、豆油组),每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。对照组鲤鱼饲喂含6%鱼粉的日粮,豆油组饲鲤鱼喂用豆油替换1/2鱼粉(3%豆油+3%鱼粉)的日粮。试验期8周。结果显示,与对照组相比,豆油组鲤鱼饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05),增重率、特定生长率显著提高(P<0.05)。高脂日粮对鲤鱼肌肉中粗蛋白含量无显著影响(P>0.05),对鲤鱼肌肉中脂肪酸组成影响显著(P<0.05)。试验表明,饲料中适量降低蛋白质(鱼粉)、添加脂肪(豆油)可以促进鲤鱼生长,降低饲料成本,提高养殖效益,减少氮排放。

The experiment studied the effect of reducing dietary protein levels and increasing fat levels on common carp growth, muscle nutrition, fatty acid composition and blood physiological indicators. 180 carps were selected and divided into two groups(control group, soybean oil group), with three replicates in each group and 30 carps in each replicate. The carps in control group were fed with a diet containing 6% fish meal, and the carps in soybean oil group were fed with a diet with soybean oil instead of 1/2 fish meal(3% soybean oil + 3% fish meal). The test period was eight weeks. The results showed that compared with the control group, the feed coefficient in soybean oil group was significantly decreased(P<0.05), the weight gain rate and specific growth rate in soybean oil group were significantly increased(P<0.05). The high-fat diet had no significant effect on crude protein content in muscle of carps(P>0.05). The high-fat diet had a significant effect on fatty acid composition in muscle of carps(P<0.05). The experiment indicates the appropriate reduction of protein(fish meal) and addition of fat(soy oil) in feed can significantly promote the growth of common carp,reduce feed costs, increase breeding efficiency, and reduce nitrogen emissions.