急性高强度间歇运动和中等强度持续运动的能量消耗及底物代谢特征对比研究

Effects of High-intensity Interval Training and Moderate-intensity Continuous Training on Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation: A Comparative Study

目的:探讨高强度间歇运动(HIIT)和中等强度持续运动(MICT)在运动中、恢复期的能量消耗特点及其底物代谢特征的差异,以及运动后连续4天静息能耗(REE)和静息呼吸商(RQ)的差异。方法:10名体重正常男青年参与实验。受试者先后两次随机进行HIIT和MICT。HIIT为6组无间歇功率自行车运动,每组运动均由25%VO_(2max)强度运动2.5 min和90%VO_(2max)强度运动2.5 min组成;MICT为50%VO_(2max)强度持续运动60 min。监测运动中及运动后3 h恢复期的气体代谢指标,监测运动前及运动后连续4天的REE、RQ。结果:运动中,HIIT能耗、脂肪氧化量、脂肪氧化供能量、脂肪供能比例显著低于MICT(P<0.01);恢复期,HIIT上述指标均显著高于MICT(P<0.01,P<0.05)。运动中,HIIT糖供能比例显著高于MICT(P<0.01),而糖氧化量、糖氧化供能无显著差异(P>0.05);恢复期,HIIT糖氧化量、糖氧化供能、糖供能比例均显著低于MICT(P<0.01)。"运动+恢复期"总的脂肪氧化量、脂肪氧化供能、脂肪供能比例、糖氧化量、糖氧化供能量、糖供能比例等指标,HIIT和MICT均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。运动后,HIIT的REE在第1、第2天均显著高于运动前(P<0.05),并在第1天显著高于MICT(P<0.05);HIIT的RQ值在运动后第1天和第2天均显著低于运动前和MICT(P<0.01,P<0.05)。运动后连续4天MICT的REE和RQ与运动前均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:1. HIIT与MICT在促进"运动+恢复期"总脂代谢水平、总糖代谢水平方面的效果相似,但HIIT所用的运动时间较少,表现出一定的"时间-效率"优势;2.运动中,HIIT对糖代谢供能的依赖度较MICT更高;恢复期,HIIT更倾向于脂肪氧化供能,而糖原更倾向于再合成以补充其在运动中的耗竭;3.急性HIIT在提高REE及静息脂代谢效率方面的效果优于MICT。

Objective To explore the difference in the energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during and 3 hours after the high-intensity interval training(HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT),as well as that in the rest energy expenditure(REE) and respiratory quotient(RQ) in the four days after the trainings. Method Ten youths with normal weight randomly completed HIIT and MICT exercise. HIIT consisted of 6 sets of cycling,each set of 2.5-minute cycling at 25% VO_(2max) and 2.5-minute cycling at 90%VO_(2max). MICT concluded 60-minute cycling exercise at 50% VO_(2max). All subjects were tested REE and RQ before HIIT or MICT,as well as on the following 4 days after the exercise. Respiratory parameters were also measured during and 3 hours after the exercise. Result During HIIT,the average energy expenditure,amount of fat oxidation,the energy supplied by fat oxidation and the proportion of fat energy supplied were significantly lower than during MICT. However,3 hours after HIIT, all the above measurements were significantly higher than those after MICT(P<0.01,P<0.05). The average proportion of carbonhydrate(CHO) energy supplied during HIIT was significantly higher than during MICT,but no significant difference was found in the average CHO oxidation and the energy supplied by CHO oxidation. The average amount of CHO oxidation,the energy supplied by CHO oxidation and the proportion of CHO energy supplied 3 hours after HIIT were significantly lower than those 3 hours after MICT(P<0.01). There was no significant difference between undergoing HIIT and MICT in the total values of all these above parameters during and after the training(P>0.05).The average REE after HIIT was significantly higher than pre-exercise on d1 and d2(P<0.05),and also significantly higher than MICT on d1(P<0.05). However,the average RQ after HIIT was significantly lower than pre-exercise and after MICT on d1 and d2(P<0.01,P<0.05). Conclusions HIIT and MICT are quite similar in promoting the total energy expenditure and fat oxidation,but HIIT shows a time-efficient advantage over MICT. During HIIT,more energy was provided by CHO oxidation,while after the training,"fat-burning"is used as the dominant"fuel"for energy expenditure,and CHO is resynthesized to replenish. Moreover,undergoing HIIT is superior to undergoing MICT in promoting REE and resting fat oxidation.