脲酶/硝化抑制剂在黑土和褐土中对尿素氮转化的调控效果

Effect of urease/nitrification inhibitor on urea nitrogen conversion in black soil and cinnamon soil

本试验研究脲酶/硝化抑制剂不同组合在黑土和褐土中对尿素水解和硝化作用的调控效果,旨在筛选出适合东北黑土、褐土的高效抑制剂组合。采用室内恒温、恒湿培养试验,以不施氮肥(CK)和施用普通尿素肥料(U)为对照,研究分别添加脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)及其与硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)、3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、2-氯-6(三氯甲基)-吡啶(CP)、2-氨基-4-氯-6-甲基嘧啶(AM)、3-甲基吡唑(MP)组合制成的6种高效稳定性尿素在黑土和褐土中的尿素水解和氨氧化特征。在培养125 d内分别取土壤样品15次,通过测定2种土壤中尿素态氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量,及氨氧化作用强度,计算硝化抑制率,确定最适合2种土壤的抑制剂或组合。结果表明:尿素在黑土和褐土中水解时间约7 d,添加NBPT以及其与不同硝化抑制剂组合均能将尿素水解时间延长21 d以上。与U处理相比,添加抑制剂可显著增加土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N含量,降低NO3--N生成量,维持土壤中高NH_(4)^(+)-N含量的时间更久。黑土中,添加硝化抑制剂的处理均能显著抑制土壤硝化作用,有效硝化抑制时间超过125 d;DMPP、CP与NBPT配施使黑土NH_(4)^(+)-N含量提高1.6~1.8倍,培养125 d时其硝化抑制率分别为47.9%和24.1%。褐土中,U处理培养80 d左右基本完成硝化过程,而添加硝化抑制剂使硝化过程延长至少30 d;DCD、DMPP与NBPT配施使土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N含量提高2.1~3.4倍,培养125 d时其硝化抑制率分别为25.3%和23.2%。因此,尿素与NBPT+DMPP和NBPT+DCD制成的高效稳定性尿素分别在黑土和褐土中施用效果最好,其次分别是NBPT+CP和NBPT+DMPP。

We studied the effects of urease/nitrification inhibitor combinations on urea hydrolysis and nitrification,aiming to screen out the effective inhibitor combinations for black soil and cinnamon soil in Northeast China.Urease inhibitor,N-butyl thiophosphate-triamine(NBPT),and its combination with nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide(DCD),3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP),2-chloro-6(trichloromethyl)-pyridine(CP),2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine(AM)and 3-methylpyrazole(MP)were added to urea separately.Samples were collected 15 times in each of all the treatments during 125 days.We examined the changes of urea nitrogen,ammo-nium,nitrate,and nitrification inhibition rate in the two soils.Our results showed the hydrolysis of urea in black soil and cinnamon soil was about 7 d,and the addition of NBPT with or without diffe-rent nitrification inhibitors slowed down the hydrolysis to 21 d at least.Compared with the treatment with common urea,inhibitor addition significantly increased soil NH_(4)^(+)-N,decreased soil NO3--N,and maintained the high NH_(4)^(+)-N content in soil for a longer time.In black soil,application with nitrification inhibitor inhibited soil nitrification significantly and lasted for more than 125 d.DMPP and CP combined with NBPT increased the NH_(4)^(+)-N content in black soil by 1.6-1.8 times,while the nitrification inhibition rate was 47.9%and 24.1%at 125 d,respectively.In the cinnamon soil,the application of nitrification inhibitor could prolong the duration of ammonium oxidation from 80 d to 110 d.DCD and DMPP combined with NBPT increased the NH_(4)^(+)-N content in cinnamon soil by 2.1-3.4 times,while the nitrification inhibition rates at 125 d were 25.3%and 23.2%,respectively.Therefore,NBPT+DMPP combination with urea was recommended for utilization in black soil,followed by NBPT+CP.In cinnamon soil,NBPT+DCD combination with urea was recommended,followed by NBPT+DMPP.