创新能力与地区经济高质量发展——基于技术差异视角的分析

Innovation Capability and High-Quality Development of Regional Economy——Based on the Analysis of Technology Differences

中国经济发展现阶段的重要任务是模式转变,即从要素驱动型逐渐过渡为创新驱动型经济发展模式,实现经济高质量发展。针对专利数量不能解释中国经济高质量发展的问题,本文从技术之间的差异入手,测算了代表地区创新能力的指标——地区技术复杂度。基于中国1985-2015年发明专利申请数据,研究发现:专利数量的提升对地区经济高质量发展没有显著影响,而以技术复杂度表征的创新能力能显著促进地区经济高质量发展;创新能力对地区经济高质量发展的促进作用存在经济周期效应,以2008年全球经济危机为时间节点,地区经济高质量发展的主要影响因素从资本深化向创新能力转变。进一步地,基于城市规模效应发现,创新能力与经济高质量发展之间存在显著的单门槛效应,只有常住人口大于50万的城市,创新能力的提升才能促进地区经济高质量发展。因此,为加快推进经济高质量发展进程,地区应注重技术结构调整,因地制宜地开展创新活动。

An important task in the current stage of China’s economic development is the paradigm shift,i.e.,the gradual transition from a factor-driven to an innovation-driven economic development model to achieve high-quality economic development.In response to the problem that the number of patents cannot explain the high-quality development of China’s economy,this paper measures the regional technological-complexity,an indicator representing regional innovation capability,starting from the differences between technologies.Based on China’s 1985-2015 invention patent application data,the study finds that the increase of patent quantity has no significant impact on regional economic high-quality development,while innovation capability characterized by technological complexity can significantly promote regional economic highquality development;the promotion effect of innovation capability on regional economic highquality development has an economic cycle effect,taking the 2008 global economic crisis as the time point,the main influencing factor of high-quality economic development shifted from capital deepening to innovation capability.Further,based on the city scale effect,it is found that there is a significant single threshold effect between innovation capacity and high-quality economic development,and only the cities with a resident population greater than 500,000 can promote high-quality regional economic development with the improvement of innovation capacity.Therefore,in order to accelerate the process of high-quality economic development,regions should focus on technological restructuring and develop innovative activities according to local conditions.