论行政合同缔结阶段信息权的平衡保护

On the Balance of Information Right Protection in Conclusion of an Administrative Contract

根据现行法律规定,以知情权为代表的公众信息权益,通过相对完善的法律规制得以实现,而以公开例外形式存在的个人信息保护却未受到应有的重视,并导致了信息权保护的失衡,使缔约参与者的竞争利益面临着被侵害的风险。不同主体之间保密与知情两种权益主张的矛盾性,是缔约信息保护冲突的主要表现,但二者间并不存在实质性的矛盾。行政合同缔结阶段信息权保护失衡的主要原因包括:忽视缔约行为的特殊属性、利益衡量认知偏差、保密范围界定模糊、过度依赖程序规制等。为解决信息权保护的失衡问题,使缔约参与者的信息保护需求得到回应,应在合理限制保护范围的基础上,明晰信息公开的衡量标准,并将保护负担转移至行政主体一方。

According to the current laws,the public information rights and interests represented by the right to know can be realized through relatively perfect legal regulations,while the personal information protection in the form of public exceptions has not been paid attention to,which leads to the imbalance of information right protection and the risk of infringement of the competition interests of the contracting parties.The contradiction between the two rights and interests between different subjects is the main reason for the conflict of information protection,but there is no substantial contradiction between the two.The main reasons for the imbalance of information right protection in the administrative contract concluding stage include:ignoring the special attribute of the contracting act,cognitive bias of interest measurement,fuzzy definition of the scope of confidentiality,excessive reliance on procedural regulation,etc.In order to solve the imbalance of information right protection and ensure the response of the contracting parties'demand for information protection,it is suggested to clarify the measurement standard of information disclosure on the basis of reasonably limiting the scope of protection,and transfer the protection burden to the administrative subject.