论隐含权力在国际法解释中的运用--基于国际法解释典型案例的梳理和分析

On the Application of Implied Power in the Interpretation of International Law--Based on the Analysis of Typical Cases of the Interpretation of International Law

隐含权力是从宪法或者国际组织基础条约规定的明示权力中推导出来的权力。隐含权力起源于美国第二合众国银行案的宪法解释,在国际法解释中的运用则首先出现于国际常设法院时期。在宪法解释中,隐含权力是指虽然在宪法中没有明确规定,但是可以从宪法规定的明示权力中推导出来的手段性权力。在国际法解释中,隐含权力的来源依据得到拓展,明示权力、国际组织的职责以及国际组织基础条约的宗旨,都是进行隐含权力推论的基础,它是为了实现国际组织的宗旨和目的所必需、对职能履行至关重要以及能有效促进明示权力实施的手段性权力。隐含权力被国际法院、欧共体法院、WTO上诉组织运用于《联合国宪章》、欧共体基础条约、WTO协议的解释之中,作为一种法律解释方法和权力推导理论,起着扩大国际组织权限的作用。

Implied power is derived from explicit power stipulated in the constitution or the basic treaties of international organizations.Implied power originated from the constitutional interpretation of the Second Bank of the United States,and its application in the interpretation of international law first appeared in the Permanent Court of International Justice.In the interpretation of the constitution,implied power refers to the instrumental power that can be deduced from explicit power stipulated in the constitution,although it is not explicitly stipulated in the constitution.In the interpretation of international law,the basis of implied power has been expanded.Explicit power,the duties of international organizations and the purpose of international organizations'basic treaties are all the basis for inferring implied power,which is necessary for realizing the aim and purpose of international organizations,vital to the performance of functions and effectively promotes the implementation of explicit power.Implied power is used in the interpretation of UN Charter,the basic treaties of the European Community and the WTO agreements by the International Court of Justice,the Court of Justice of the European Community and the WTO Appellate Organization.As a method of legal interpretation and a theory of power derivation,it plays a role in expanding the authority of international organizations.