新疆某地区乡村居民区高效氯氰菊酯灭蚤效果观察

A preliminary investigation of the flea control effect of beta-cypermethrin in some rural residential areas of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region,China

目的对新疆维吾尔自治区(新疆)某地区乡村居民区进行灭蚤效果观察。方法选取新疆某地区乡村居民区作为实验区域,采用100倍稀释的8%高效氯氰菊酯进行滞留喷洒灭蚤实验,通过观察居民区灭蚤前后的蚤类侵害率、蚤指数和叮咬率等指标评估灭蚤效果。采用独立成组样本t检验或单因素方差分析和χ^(2)检验对蚤指数、蚤类侵害率和叮咬率进行比较。结果灭蚤前,蚤类侵害率为86.25%(69/80),总蚤指数为0.23(213/914),不同自然村的侵害率(P=0.599,确切概率法)和蚤指数(F=0.103,P=0.924)之间的差异均无统计学意义;成年人叮咬率为62.71%(148/236),幼儿(6个月~4岁)叮咬率为89.47%(34/38),儿童(6~8岁)叮咬率为83.82%(57/68),幼儿、儿童的叮咬率明显高于成年人(χ^(2)=10.510,P=0.001;χ^(2)=10.714,P=0.001);驻村干部的叮咬率为76.29%(74/97)。灭蚤后2~3 d,侵害率降低至6.25%(5/80),蚤指数降低至0.02(19/914),与灭蚤前相比差异有统计学意义(染蚤率:χ^(2)=102.979,P<0.001;蚤指数:t=38.476,P<0.001);成年人的叮咬率降低至4.41%(10/227),与灭蚤前相比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=174.983,P<0.001);幼儿和儿童的叮咬率分别降低至8.11%(3/37)和6.06%(4/66),与灭蚤前相比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=49.653,P<0.001;χ^(2)=85.613,P<0.001);驻村干部的叮咬率为2.94%(3/102),灭蚤前后的差异亦有统计学意义(χ^(2)=112.757,P<0.001)。结论新疆某乡村居民区使用100倍稀释的8%高效氯氰菊酯滞留喷洒的灭蚤效果显著,可以加以推广。

Objective To investigate the flea control effect in some rural residential areas of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region,China.Methods Some rural residential areas in Xinjiang were selected as the experimental areas,and 8%beta-cypermethrin wettable powder diluted 100 times was used to control the fleas via residual spraying.The flea infestation rate,flea index,and biting rate were compared before and after the flea control to evaluate the control effect.The independent samples t-test or one-way analysis of variance and chi-square test were used to compare the flea index,flea infestation rate,and biting rate.Results Before the flea control,the flea infestation rate was 86.25%(69/80)and the total flea index was 0.23(213/914),with no significant differences between different villages(P=0.599,Fisher’s exact test;F=0.103,P=0.924).The biting rate was 62.71%(148/236),89.47%(34/38),and 83.82%(57/68),respectively,in adults,young children(6 months to 4 years of age),and elder children(6-8 years of age).The biting rate was significantly higher in young and elder children than in adults(χ^(2)=10.510,P=0.001;χ^(2)=10.714,P=0.001).The biting rate of cadres stationed in the villages was 76.29%(74/97).On days 2-3 after the flea control,the flea infestation rate and total flea index were significantly reduced to 6.25%(5/80)and 0.02(19/914),respectively(χ^(2)=102.979,P<0.001;t=38.476,P<0.001);the biting rate was significantly reduced to 4.41%(10/227),8.11%(3/37),and 6.06%(4/66),respectively,in adults,young children,and elder children(χ^(2)=174.983,49.653,and 85.613,all P<0.001);the biting rate of cadres stationed in the villages was significantly reduced to 2.94%(3/102)(χ^(2)=112.757,P<0.001).Conclusion Residual spraying with 8%beta-cypermethrin wettable powder diluted 100 times had a good effect of flea control in the rural residential areas in Xinjiang,which holds promise for application.