河口区域古菌的研究进展

Research progress on archaea in the estuary

古菌作为生态系统的重要组成部分,在地球元素循环中发挥着不可或缺的作用。河口位于河流和海洋交汇处,其独特的环境特点为开展古菌研究提供了理想试验场。本文概括了古菌研究的发展历史和技术手段,如脂类结构分析、荧光原位杂交、荧光定量PCR、高通量测序等;总结了近年来国内外河口区域古菌的研究进展,并分析了影响古菌在河口群落结构和多样性分布的主要因素,如纬度、盐度和水深等;此外,介绍了氨氧化古菌、深古菌门和产甲烷古菌等在河口环境中的生态学功能。在此基础上,分析并展望了古菌在河口区域未来的研究方向,全面解析古菌群落在河口生态系统中的功能将有利于河口生态系统的保护,为河口生态功能的可持续发展奠定基础。

As an important component of the ecosystem,archaea play a crucial role in driving earth’s biogeochemical cycles.The estuary is a unique geographical transition zone located at the confluence of rivers and oceans.The esturay is considered as a natural testing ground for the study of the structure and diversity of archaeal communities,owing to its complex and changing hydrological environment.Here,we first introduced the development history and technical methods for archaeal research,including lipid structure analysis,fluorescence in situ hybridization,fluorescence quantitative PCR,and high-throughput sequencing.Then,we summarized the research progress on archaea in the estuary,as well as the main factors driving their distribution and community structure in estuaries,such as latitude,salinity and water depth.In addition,the ecological functions of several important archaea groups including ammonia oxidizing archaea,Bathyarchaeota and methanogenic archaea in the estuary were introduced.Finally,we proposed several future research directions of archaea in the estuary.A comprehensive understanding of the functions of the archaeal community in the estuary would be beneficial to the protection and the sustainable development of the estuary ecosystems.