肌肉生长发育可变剪接研究进展

Advances on alternative splicing of muscle growth and development

为了解动物肌肉生长发育可变剪接调控过程最新研究,本文对近年来人、小鼠和其他多种动物肌肉生长发育的可变剪接调控的相关研究进行了整理与分析,总结了肌肉生长发育可变剪接的发生、调控蛋白多样性的分子机制、人和动物的肌肉发育过程中可变剪接的调控研究进展及可变剪接的数据量化方法。结果表明:肌肉是表现出最高水平的组织特异性和保守可变剪接的组织之一;可变剪接的发生与胎儿发育进程并不统一,而是集中于出生后的前两周;牛的肌肉内含子保留类型最多,其次为跳跃外显子类型;猪与鸡肌肉发育中可变3’剪接是最常见的剪接类型;可变剪接的分析方法随着测序技术的发展,由通量低(qRT-PCR和ESTs)、噪音高(ESTs和芯片)的分析方法逐渐发展为以太平洋生物科学(PacBio)和牛津纳米孔技术(Nanopore)为代表的第三代测序方法(IsoSeq),成功识别了许多具有良好特征的转录本和可变剪接。综上,随着测序方法和分析软件的开发与更新,对动物肌肉发育可变剪接研究的逐渐深入,将为揭示肌肉的发育机制奠定基础。

In order to understand the latest research status of alternative splicing regulation process of animal muscle growth and development,the molecular mechanism of protein diversity regulation,human and animal muscle development alternative splicing and the research progress of alternative splicing data quantitative method were summarized based on the publications of muscle growth and development of alternative splicing regulation of human,mouse and other animals.The results showed that muscle was one of the tissues with the highest level of tissue specificity and conservative alternative splicing;The occurrence of alternative splicing was not consistent with fetal development,but concentrated in the first two weeks after birth;The intron retention alternative splicing pattern of cattle muscle was the most,followed by the number of exon skipping;Alternative 3’splice site was the most common type of splicing in the muscle development of pig and chicken.With the progress of sequencing technology,the analysis method of alternative splicing was developed into the Pacific biosciences and the Oxford Nanopore technology from low flux(qRT-PCR and ESTs),high noise(EST,Gene Chip)analysis method.These two representatives of the thirdgeneration sequencing methods have successfully identified many good characteristics of the transcript and alternative splicing.In conclusion,with the development and update of sequencing methods and analysis software,the research on alternative splicing of animal muscle development will lay a foundation for revealing the development mechanism of muscle.