氯化法制备高纯五氧化二钒技术研究进展

Review on research progress of high purity vanadium pentoxide preparation by chlorination process

随着全钒液流电池等产业的快速发展,作为关键原料的高纯五氧化二钒,其需求日益增加。在高纯五氧化二钒的众多制备工艺中,氯化法因具有高效清洁、选择性高、产品纯度高等显著优势受到越来越多的关注。针对氯化法制备高纯五氧化二钒的三个关键技术环节:钒原料氯化过程的热力学、动力学和氯化工艺、粗三氯氧钒精制以及三氯氧钒转化制备五氧化二钒的研究进展结合相关文献进行系统评述,其中二次钒资源的高效利用,粗三氯氧钒选择性水解四氯化钛以及三氯氧钒催化氧化制备高纯五氧化二钒是各环节未来的发展方向,此外,开展氯化法制备高纯五氧化二钒的中间试验及关键装备技术的开发是未来实现产业化生产的重点及难点。

As a crucial raw material for all-vanadium redox flow battery(VRFB), the high purity vanadium pentoxide(V_(2)O_(5)) is under an increasingly urgent demand with the rapid development of VRFB in recent years. Based on this background, a plenty of processes have been proposed for high purity V_(2)O_(5) preparation, among which the chlorination process is paid more and more attentions due to the remarkable advantages of high efficiency, favorable selectivity, high purity of products and eco-friendly feature. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress with relevant literatures concentrated on the three key procedures of high purity V_(2)O_(5) preparation via chlorination process, including thermodynamics,kinetics and processes of chlorination of raw materials, purification of crude vanadium oxytrichloride(VOCl_(3)) and conversion of VOCl_(3) into V_(2)O_(5). The high-efficient utilization of secondary vanadium resources, the selective hydrolysis of crude vanadium oxychloride to remove TiCl4 and conversion of VOCl_(3) into V_(2)O_(5) by catalytic oxidation are proposed as the development trends of the corresponding key procedures. Finally, carrying out the pilot test and developing the key equipment for preparing high-purity vanadium pentoxide by chlorination process are the key and difficult points for realizing the industrial production in the future.