天然五节芒花絮纤维的吸油性能

Oil Absorbency of Nature Miscanthus Floridulus Flower Fibers

为探索五节芒纤维在油水分离领域的应用,实现农业资源的高值化利用,测试了五节芒纤维蜡质含量和比重,观察了纤维形态结构,测量了水及不同油剂在纤维表面的静态接触角,分析了纤维对不同油剂的静态吸油、保油、重复吸油性能,以及油水体系pH值、温度对植物油吸附影响,并初步探讨了纤维油水分离性能。结果表明:五节芒纤维,蜡质含量4.38%,比重0.669g·cm^(-3),中空度63%,具有优异的疏水亲油性,与纯水接触角为123.7°;对植物油、机油、柴油饱和吸油容量分别为15.23、22.15和26.65g/g,自然沥干5h后保油率均在70.0%以上,6次重复使用后纤维吸油性能分别下降了31.9%、19.1%和21.7%;纤维对植物油吸附性,在碱性条件下比酸性条件下小,并随温度增加而下降;对三种油剂的初次分离效率均高达98%以上,可作为油水分离材料。

The work aims to explore the application of the nature Miscanthus floridulus flower fibers(Mf-fiber) in oil-water separation and to realize high-value utilization of the agricultural resources.The wax content and density of the fiber were tested and the morphological characteristics of the fibers were observed.Static contact angles of pure water and different oil agents on the surface of fibers were measured. Static oil absorbency, oil retention performance and reusability of Mf-fibers to different oil agents were analyzed, and the effects of pH value and the temperature of vegetable oil-water system on the oil absorbency of Mf-fibers were discussed. The separation function for oil/water mixture of Mf-fibers was preliminarily probed. The results show that the wax content, density and hollowness of the Mf-fiber are 4.38%, 0.669 g·cm^(-3) and 63% respectively, it possess excellent hydrophobic and lipophilic properties, and the static contact angle of pure water on the surface of the fiber is measured to be 123.7°.The saturated oil absorption ratios for absorbing vegetable oil, lubricant oil and diesel are found to be 15.23, 22.15 and 26.65 g/g, and the oil retention rates all reach 70.0% after 5 h gravity leaching.After 6 cycles, the oil absorption rates decrease by 31.9%, 19.1% and 21.7% respectively.The vegetable oil absorption of fiber under alkaline condition is lower than that under acidic condition and decreases with the increase of vegetable oil-water system’s temperature.The separation efficiency of the fiber for three oil agents reaches 98% after initially filtration, therefore Mf-fibers can be used as oil-water separation material.