中国产业空间格局演化与空间转型发展态势

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Spatial Transformation Trend of Industry in China

基于城市层面三次产业的产值数据,应用空间统计标准差椭圆方法全面分析了2003—2016年中国产业空间格局演化特征与转型发展态势。研究发现,2003—2016年中国三次产业空间中心均向内陆方向移动,且第二产业空间移动距离最大;第一产业空间离散化发展,空间聚集度减小;第二产业正在加快由沿海向内陆地区空间集中化聚集发展,空间聚集度增大且高于第三产业;第三产业正加快在沿海地区空间集中化聚集发展,空间聚集度不断增大;目前第二、第三产业均呈现出东西方向上空间扩张、南北方向上空间收缩发展态势,共同影响着全国经济产业的空间发展与转型。面向新时代推动先进制造业和现代服务业深度融合的战略要求,建议在长江中下游地区、成渝地区等第二、第三产业均聚集发展的区域围绕已有制造业集群加快培育高端服务业集群,通过产业集群组织的枢纽作用大力推进制造业和服务业网络化协同发展,加快创造竞争新优势,促进经济增长空间从沿海向沿江内陆拓展。

The spatial evolution of industries is a simultaneous process with the spatial development of regional economy.This article applies spatial statistical methods to analyzing the spatial development and transformation of China’s industries.The research found that from 2003 to 2016,the spatial centers of the three industries in China all moved westward,and the secondary industry had the largest moving distance.The spatial dispersion of the primary industry is developing and the spatial aggregation degree is decreasing.The manufacturing industry is aggregating from coastal areas to inland,and its spatial aggregation degree is higher than that of service industry.The service industry is aggregating in coastal areas and its spatial centralization is increasing while its spatial aggregation degree increases unceasingly.At present,the secondary and tertiary industries of the economy both show east-west expansion and north-south contraction spatially,and the both sectors of the economy are more inland after 2011-2012.They jointly affect the spatial development and transformation of the national economy in China.The spatial optimization of industrial layout is an important means to promote the spatial transformation and development of economy.In the years of 2003 and 2010,the coordination feature of spatial coupling between the secondary and tertiary industries of the economy was high in east and low in west,while in 2016,the coordination feature of spatial coupling between the two was high in west and low in east.In 2003,the distribution of secondary sector of the economy was closer to the eastern seaboard than that of tertiary sector,and the spatial pattern difference between the two sectors was mainly in the southwest.In 2010,the spatial pattern of tertiary sector was closer to the coastal area than secondary sector and the spatial difference between the two sectors was mainly in the west and south.In 2016,the spatial pattern of secondary sector was more to the southwest,and its spatial difference with the tertiary sector is transferred to the northern part of the spatial ellipse.The Yangtze River Economic Belt has always been one of the most important industrial corridors in China.In particular,the proportion of the secondary industry in Chengdu-Chongqing region and major cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has increased significantly,while the tertiary industry is also growing continuously.It is suggested to accelerate the development of service industry clusters in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river and Chengdu-Chongqing region where the secondary and tertiary industries are well developed,and vigorously promote the in-depth integration of manufacturing and service industries through the hub role of networked cluster organization.