中国省级以上开发区产业集聚的多尺度分析

China’s Industrial Agglomeration of Development Zones Above Provincial Level by Multi-scale Analysis

从“区域-省域-地(市)”3个空间尺度入手,分析中国开发区产业集聚特征,结果表明:①中国开发区总体上以技术密集型为主导,装备制造、电子信息、生物医药产业优势明显。但东中西部差异巨大,技术密集型、劳动密集型、资本密集型产业分别占据地区主导地位。②开发区产业集聚度随尺度缩小而扩大,城市群、中心城市是其最重要的空间载体。同时,开发区产业集聚存在明显的空间依赖性,地(市)尺度强于省域尺度。③产业属性对开发区产业之间协同集聚效应影响巨大。在省域尺度,空间依赖性最强为劳动密集型、资本密集型产业,纺织服装、石油化工与其他类型产业之间的协同集聚特征突出;在地(市)尺度,装备制造、电子信息等技术密集型产业则表现靓丽。因此,在省级层面上应重点培育纺织服装、石油化工等劳动密集型和资本密集型产业集群,在地(市)级层面上应重点培育电子信息等技术密集型产业集群。

As important carriers of industrial development and economic growth,development zones are of great significance to realize China’s industrial transformation and regional coordinated development.China’s development zones are dominated by technology-intensive industries that account for more than 50%,with obvious advantages in agricultural and sideline products,equipment manufacturing,electronic information industry and biomedicine.Then the eastern,central and western regions are dominated by technology-intensive,labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries,respectively.The industrial agglomeration degree of the development zones shows a reverse trend of expanding as the scale shrinks,while urban agglomerations and central cities are their most important carriers.The agglomeration patterns of the three types of industries are similar at the regional and provincial scales,but the agglomeration patterns at the prefecture scale are becoming more complicated,especially in the northeast,southwest and northwest regions of China.In addition,the industrial agglomeration of the development zone has obvious spatial dependence,and the prefecture scale is stronger than the provincial scale.There is a significant co-agglomeration effect between the industries in the development zones,and the industrial attributes have a great impact on them.At the provincial scale,there is a wide range of co-agglomeration effect among industries.For example,there are strong co-agglomeration effects between textile&garment,petrochemical and other types of industries.However,the equipment manufacturing,electronic information and other technology-intensive industries have a strong co-agglomeration effect at the prefecture scale.Based on the above research findings,this paper further suggests the cultivation of laborintensive and capital-intensive industrial clusters such as textile,clothing and petrochemical industries on a provincial scale.At the prefecture scale,we should focus on the development of technology-intensive industrial clusters such as electronic information.