江西鄱阳湖鲤鱼洲白鹤小镇鸟类多样性研究

The Study on Avian Diversity of Baihe Town in Liyuzhou of Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province

采用样点法对江西省鄱阳湖鲤鱼洲白鹤小镇及其周边2017—2020年的鸟类多样性进行了调查,共记录鸟类15目40科115种;其中有国家Ⅰ级保护动物4种:东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)、黑鹳(Ciconia nigra)、中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)和白鹤(Grus leucogeranus),国家Ⅱ级保护动物12种.在居留型方面,研究区以冬候鸟为主,共有42种,占记录总数的36.52%;在区系方面,古北界的种类最多,有52种,占记录总数的45.22%.2020年8—9月,对白鹤小镇及其周边秋季鸟类多样性进行了定量研究,共调查到秋季鸟类13目33科75种,其中有国家Ⅱ级保护动物2种,分别是红隼(Falco tinnunculus)和小鸦鹃(Centropus bengalensis).优势种有灰翅浮鸥(Chlidonias hybrida)、中白鹭(Egretta intermedia)和斑嘴鸭(Anas zonorhyncha)等.8月份的鸟类多样性指数(4.33)和均匀度指数(0.76)均高于9月份,9月份的优势度指数(0.18)高于8月份.白鹤小镇及其周边鸟类资源丰富,研究结果对加强白鹤小镇水鸟监测和保护具有借鉴意义.

A total of 115 species belonging to 40 families,15 orders are recorded from 2017 to 2020 using the sampling method to investigate the bird diversity of Baihe Town in Liyuzhou and its surrounding areas.Four species(Ciconia boyciana,Ciconia nigra,Mergus squamatus,Grus leucogeranus)are listed in the first category of the nationally protected wildlife species in China and twelve species are listed in the second category.In terms of residence type,the study area is dominated by winter migratory birds,with a total of 42 species,accounting for 36.52%of the total number of surveys.In terms of flora,the Paleobes has the most species,with 52 species,accounting for 45.22%of the total number of records.From August to September in 2020,a quantitative study is carried out on the diversity of autumn birds in Baihe Town and its surrounding areas.A total of 75 species belonging to 33 families,13 orders are recorded.Two species(Falco tinnunculus and Centropus bengalensis)are listed in the second category of the nationally protected wildlife species.Dominant species include gray-winged floating gull(Chlidonias hybrida),middle egret(Egretta intermedia)and spot-billed duck(Anas zonorhyncha).The diversity index(4.33)and evenness index(0.76)in August are higher than that in September.And the dominance index(0.18)in September is higher than that in August.Water bird monitoring and protection shall be strengthened in Baihe Town and its surrounding because of their rich bird resources.