在不同稻渔共作模式下中小型土壤动物群落特征研究

The Study on the Community Characteristics of Small and Medium-Sized Soil Animals in Different Rice-Fish Farming Model

为研究不同稻渔共作模式对中小型土壤动物群落的影响,该文选择江西省抚州市水稻原种场进行对比试验,试验设置稻-鳅、稻-虾、稻-鱼、稻-蛙、对照(传统稻作)5种处理.结果表明:等节跳科、毛蚊科、蠓科和摇蚊科为研究区中小型土壤动物优势类群,占总数的77.36%;稻渔共作模式的中小型土壤动物个体数、类群数、多样性指数均高于传统稻作模式,稻渔共作模式(除稻-鱼模式外)的中小型土壤动物丰富度指数均高于传统稻作模式.与传统稻作模式相比,稻渔共作模式更有利于中小型土壤动物个体数与类群数的增加和土壤动物的多样性提高.在不同稻渔共作模式中,稻-虾模式的中小型土壤动物个体数、类群数、多样性指数、丰富度指数均为最高,且个体数、类群数、多样性指数和丰富度指数都与稻-蛙模式形成显著差异,多样性指数亦显著高于稻-鱼模式.因此,稻-虾模式对土壤动物群落的发展最为有利.

To study the impact of different rice-fishing co-cultivation patterns on small and medium-sized soil animal communities,the original rice seeding farm in Fuzhou is selected for experiment that sets rice-loach,rice-shrimp,rice-fish,rice-frog,control traditional rice cultivation 5 kinds of treatments for comparison experiment.The results in this study show that Isotopeidae,Trichotomyidae,Midge and Chironomidae are the dominant groups of small and medium-sized soil animals in the study area,accounting for 77.36%of the total.The number of small and medium-sized soil animals,the number of groups,and the diversity index of the rice-fishing co-cultivation model are higher than those of the traditional rice-fishing model.The richness index of small and medium-sized soil animals in the rice-fishing co-cultivation model(except the rice-fish model)is higher than that of the traditional rice-fishing model.Compared with the traditional rice farming model,the rice-fishing co-cultivation model is more conducive to the increase of the number of individuals and groups of small and medium-sized soil animals and the increase of the diversity of soil animals.Comparing different rice-fishing co-cultivation models,the number of individuals,group numbers,diversity index and richness index of the rice shrimp model are all the highest.The number of individuals,group numbers,diversity index and richness index of the rice shrimp model are significantly different from those of the rice frog model.The diversity index of the rice shrimp model is also significantly higher than that of the rice fish model.Therefore,the rice shrimp model is most beneficial to the development of soil animal communities.