非洲欠发达地区首都新城开发策略研究--以刚果共和国首都布拉柴维尔市为例

The development strategies of new town in Africa--Taking Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of Congo as an example

近年来,以各国首都为代表的非洲城市呈现高速扩张态势,由此催生了新城开发的浪潮。本文梳理了非洲新城开发的理论和实践,总结了其背景和驱动力、关键性角色及面临的挑战。以刚果共和国首都布拉柴维尔市东部新城开发实践为例,通过实地调研获取资料,总结其驱动因素,概述了所在国政府、企业、金融机构等的作用,以及其存在的政治经济形式不稳定、土地交易市场不成熟、地质灾害风险等现实挑战。以新城概念规划方案为蓝本,提出设计弹性城市规划方案、建立完善土地管理制度、政企协同开发、多渠道筹备资金、工程设计保障地质安全、建设通达的道路交通系统、各类需求或文化背景人群分片开发住宅区、建造经济便捷的住宅产品、配建符合各方需求的公共服务设施、设立与当地经济发展相适应的产业园区开发策略。

In recent years, African cities represented by the capitals have been developing with high speed. As a result, it spawned a wave of new town development. This paper reviews the theory and practice of African’s new town development and summarizes the background, driving forces, key roles and challenges. It takes the capital city of Brazzaville as an example to study the driving force, the key roles of central government, domestic and international enterprises and financing institution, the challenges of unstable political and economic form, immature land market and geological risk. Based on the concept plan of the new town, this paper proposes to design a flexible urban planning scheme, to establish a land management system, to coordinate development between the government and enterprises, to raise funds from multiple sources, to guarantee geological safely by engineering design, to build an accessible road traffic system, to accommodate different needs or cultural backgrounds of people in different districts, to build economical and convenient housing products, to build public service facilities which meet the needs of all parties and to set up industrial parks which meet the needs of local economic development.