城市新陈代谢视角下的城市公共健康风险

Urban public health risks from an urban metabolic perspective

城市公共健康风险是当代城市研究的一个重要主题,在中国人文地理学界尚未得到充分关注。国内既有研究主要集中在两个维度--健康城市建设和城市风险治理,然而这些研究受到城市/自然二元论的影响。自20世纪90年代以来,城市政治生态学在西方人文地理学界迅速崛起,提出了以社会关系为核心的城市新陈代谢理论,在空间和联系两个层面将社会与自然,人类行为体与非人类行为体联系起来,实现了对二元论的超越。基于这一理论,本文从空间和联系层面对城市公共健康风险的具体形式进行分析,指出在空间层面上,存在空间流转和重叠的公共健康风险和空间生产和再生产活动的公共健康风险;就联系层面而言,存在"新陈代谢断裂"的公共健康风险和公众认知的公共健康风险。

Urban public health risk is an important theme in contemporary urban research that has not received sufficient attention in Chinese human geography. Established domestic studies have focused on two dimensions-healthy city and urban risk governance;however, these studies have been influenced by the urban/nature dualism. Since the 1990 s, urban political ecology has rapidly emerged in Western human geography, proposing a theory of urban metabolism centered on social relations, linking society and nature, human actors and non-human actors at both spatial and relational levels, achieving a transcendence of dualism. Based on this theory, this paper analyzes the specific forms of urban public health risks at the spatial and relational levels, pointing out that at the spatial level, there are public health risks of spatial flow and overlap and public health risks of spatial production and reproduction activities;at the relational level, there are public health risks of "metabolic rift" and public health risks of public perception.