职住建成环境对郊区居民通勤方式的影响--以上海市为例

The impact of built environment in neighborhood and workplace on suburban residents’ commuting mode:A case study in Shanghai

郊区化带来的职住空间分离与机动化出行问题受到了城市地理与城市规划界的广泛关注。汽车依赖已经成为大城市郊区空间发展过程中面临的现实问题,如何减少汽车通勤比例、鼓励公共交通和非机动化通勤,已经成为城市交通可持续发展的重要目标。基于城市兴趣点数据(POI)与2017年上海市郊区居民活动日志调查数据,通过多项logit模型分析了居民居住地与工作地周边建成环境对通勤方式的影响,并建立中介效应模型探讨长距离通勤对通勤方式产生的间接效应。研究发现提升居住地的地铁站可达性、土地混合利用程度,控制居住地和工作地的设施密度等措施有利于减少汽车出行,而建成环境特征差异对通勤方式的影响要大于对通勤距离的影响。通勤距离对通勤方式选择具有显著的中介效应,对于步行和自行车通勤的影响最为明显。社区环境的提升应从增加设施多样性和公共交通可达性,营造良好的步行、骑行环境等方面来促进居民的绿色通勤行为。

With the development of suburbanization, the spatial pattern between residential place and workplace has become more separated, and the problem caused by citizen’s more motorized travels also become an important issue for urban development. Based on the urban POI(point of interest) data and the survey data of suburban residents’ activity logs in a considerable number of suburban communities in Shanghai in 2017, this study established the multiple logit models to analyze the impact of the built environment, both around the residential and working areas for suburban residents on commuting modes, and the multiple logit models also involve residents’ social and economic characteristics as control variables. Also, a mediation effect model is established to explore the indirect effects between commuting distance and commuting mode, especially for some residents who need to commute in a long distance. By the analytical outcomes of the multiple logit models and the mediation effect model, it found that some important measures such as improving the accessibility of the subway station in public transportation system for suburban communities, improving the degree of mixed land-use in neighborhood, and controlling the density of facilities both in neighborhood and workplace, are some beneficial and effective way to reduce car-use in commuting mode for residents.