[囦丮]卣銘文補釋

Supplements on the[囦丮]You Inscriptions

本文在學者們對[囦丮]卣銘文的已有的研究基礎上,提出兩個觀點:一、認爲銘文首段記録的"伯氏"讓[囦丮]自己從"庶人"中挑選六家當作他的"僕",並不是把身分爲自由民的庶人抑爲"僕",這裏的"庶人"是指西周貴族所役使的被征服之族中原來的庶人,也就是大盂鼎銘文"人鬲自馭至于庶人六百又五十又九夫"中的庶人;"僕"跟"馭"性質相近,他們在被役使者中的地位高於庶人,所以銘文把從庶人中選僕稱爲"興","興"跟《周禮》所説自鄉人"興賢者能者"之"興"同義。二、銘文中的"大宫"應指倗伯,倗伯應是[囦丮]的大宗宗子,"伯氏"則是[囦丮]的小宗宗子;依照宗法所有制,倗伯認爲的伯氏擅自賜[囦丮]以僕是不合法的,所以在帶[囦丮]護送周王時請求周王這個全國最大的宗子在名義上賜[囦丮]以僕,使這件事合法化。

Based on the scholars’existing research on the inscriptions of[囦丮]You,this paper proposes two points of view:Firstly,as recorded in the first paragraph of the inscriptions,Bo Shi(伯氏)allowed[囦丮]to pick six families from the shuren(庶人,common people)as his own pu(僕),but this does not mean that the common people were demoted to pu(僕)The shuren(庶人)in the inscriptions refers to the original common people among the conquered nation who serve the nobles of the Western Zhou Dynasty,which is the same as the shuren(庶人)of renli zi yu zhiyu shuren liubai you wushi you jiu fu(人鬲自馭至于庶人六百又五十又九夫)in the inscription on the Da Yu Ding.The character of pu(僕)and yu(馭)are similar,their status is higher than shuren(庶人)among the servants,so the inscription refers to the selection of pu(僕)from the common people as"興(raise)",which is synonymous with the"興"that is said"興賢者能者(raise the capable person)"in the Book of Rites of the Zhou Dynasty.Secondly,the Dagong(大宫)in the inscription should refer to Peng Bo(倗伯),who should be the lineage of the eldest son in[囦丮]clan,and Bo Shi(伯氏)is the lineage of the branch.According to the patriarchal ownership system,Bo Shi(伯氏)gave the servant to[囦丮]as a reward without authorization is considered illegal by Peng Bo(倗伯).Therefore,when escorting the king of Zhou,the eldest lineage of the whole country,Peng Bo(倗伯)asked the king of Zhou to reward[囦丮]with the servants in name to legalize the matter.