仪式象征与亲属互惠:渝东南地区“唢呐”与“锣鼓”的人类学考察

Ritual Symbol and Reciprocity of Relatives:An Anthropological Investigation of“Suona”and“Gongs and Drums”in Southeast Chongqing

渝东南地区主要包括酉阳、秀山、黔江、彭水、武隆、石柱六个区县,地处武陵山脉,毗邻乌江水系。唢呐与锣鼓是该地区乡土社会的婚礼和葬礼仪式中必不可少的象征物。唢呐为婚礼中必备,锣鼓系葬礼中必需,而“请唢呐”“请锣鼓”则是亲缘关系的再度深化,唤醒人群的历史记忆。婚丧仪式中的唢呐与锣鼓作为一种“礼物”,间接展现了自古以来的“人情世故”,规训人群意识并指导人们的行为实践,也成为维持亲缘关系与亲属互惠的重要机制。

The southeast area of Chongqing mainly includes six districts and counties:Youyang,Xiushan,Qianjiang,Pengshui,Wulong,and Shizhu.It is located in the Wuling mountains and belongs to the Wujiang river system.Suona and gongs and drums have become indispensable symbols in weddings and funeral ceremonies in the rural society of the region.Suona is necessary for weddings and accompanied by gongs and drums in funerals.“invited Suona”and“invited Gongs and Drums”are re-exhibitions of kinships.The suona and gongs and drums in the wedding and funeral ceremonies as a kind of“gift”indirectly show the“humanity and sophistication”since ancient times,and have also become one of the mechanisms for maintaining kinship and mutual benefit among relatives.