《广韵》《集韵》与唐诗声韵研究

Study on Guang Yun(广韵),Ji Yun(集韵)and Rhymes of Tang Poems

研究唐诗声韵,应以《广韵》《集韵》为依据,清人编著的《诗韵合璧》不足为凭。《诗韵合璧》虽然依循平水韵106韵体系,压缩了韵部字数(把《广韵》《集韵》标明某些韵部可以通用的缩成一个韵部),但因编撰不精,出现错误。王力先生《古代汉语》《诗韵常用字表》根据《诗韵合璧》整理而成,延续了错误,例如把“慷”字移出平声阳韵,仅保留在上声养韵,致使当今学子误以为唐代诸多著名诗人押韵失误;又把“尚”字移出平声阳韵,仅保留在去声漾韵,致使读者判断律句失误。《广韵》注音释义颇详,《集韵》特点是扩大了个体汉字的韵部,《广韵》中某些汉字只有一个韵部者,《集韵》则增加到两个,甚至更多,诸多诗例证明了《集韵》对研究唐诗声韵的可靠性。当今研究唐诗的声韵,应以《集韵》为主,参考《广韵》,方能够获得更加准确的结论。今人点校唐诗,无论点断诗句或是校正文字,都应查阅韵书,一些失误的原因在于对韵书的漠视。

To study the sound and rhyme of the characters in Tang poetry,we should take Guang Yun(广韵)and Ji Yun(集韵)as the basis.In this regard,Shi Yun He Bi(诗韵合璧)compiled by a scholar of the Qing Dynasty is not sufficient enough to be referred to.Although Shi Yun He Bi(诗韵合璧)follows the system of 106 rhymes of Pingshuiyun and compacts the number of rhymes(It indicates that some rhymes can be reduced into one rhyme in general use in Guang Yun(广韵)and Ji Yun(集韵),it makes mistakes because its compilation falls short of precision.Mr.Wang Li’s Ancient Chinese and A List of Common Characters of Poetic Rhymes were compiled based on Shi Yun He Bi(诗韵合璧),which sustained the mistakes.For example,the character Kāng(慷)was removed from the flat sound Yáng(阳)rhyme,and only kept in the upper sound Yǎng(养)rhyme,which led today’s students to mistake the rhyme of many famous poets in the Tang Dynasty.Moreover,the character Shàng(尚)is removed from the flat tone Yáng(阳)rhyme,and only remains in the Yàng(漾)rhyme,which causes readers to make mistakes in judging the sentence.The phonetic interpretation of Guang Yun(广韵)is quite detailed.Characteristics of Ji Yun(集韵)is characterized by enlarging the rhymes of individual Chinese characters.Some Chinese characters in Guang Yun(广韵)have only one rhyme,while Ji Yun(集韵)has two or even more rhymes.Many poems demonstrate the reliability of Ji Yun(集韵)in studying the rhymes of Tang poetry.In order to get a more accurate conclusion,we should focus on Ji Yun(集韵)and refer to Guang Yun(广韵)to study the rhyme of Tang poetry.It is recommended that modern scholars refer to books on poetic rhymes to collate and punctuate ancient Chinese poems,disregard of which might lead to misunderstanding.