论《大学》的“絜矩之道”

On the“Principle of the Measuring Square”Advocated in The Great Learning(大学)

《礼记·大学》提出的絜矩之道,是先秦儒家学者主张的修身治国的政治之道,其理论内涵是孔子主张的以仁为核心的忠恕之道,主张用推己及人的原则来避免违礼现象发生。其理论本质是情感理性和基于情感理性基础之上的道德自觉和道德境界的自我超越,强调人自身道德情操的培养,在道德情操培养过程中实现社会政治的成功。絜矩之道是先秦儒家为解决社会现实问题提供的具体方法,其理论内涵具有全面适用于主客关系的特性,是先秦儒家思想中道德伦理思想与社会政治举措之间的重要环节。

The“principle of the measuring square”proposed in Daxue or The Great Learning is a political doctrine of selfcultivation and governance of the state advocated by pre-Qin Dynasty Confucian scholars,whose theoretical connotations lie in the doctrine of loyalty and consideration for others with benevolence as the core,as advocated by Confucius.Confucius also advocates the principle of measuring another man’s foot by one’s own last to avoid the violation of rites.Such a stipulation is theoretically predicated upon emotional rationality,moral consciousness based on emotional rationality,and self-transcendence of moral realm.It emphasizes the cultivation of people’s own moral sentiment and strives for sociopolitical success in the process of cultivating moral sentiment.The“principle of the measuring square”is a specific method provided by the pre-Qin Confucians to address social problems of the times,whose theoretical connotations are fully applicable to the relationship between the subject and the object,serving as an important link between the moral and ethical thoughts of pre-Qin Confucians and the social and political maneuvers of concern.