青蟹种间人工杂交技术建立及杂交子一代表型和遗传特征鉴定

Establishment of Inter-Specific Hybridization Technique and Identification of Phenotypic and Genotypic Characters of Hybrids in Mud Crab(Scylla paramamosain and S.serrata)

杂交育种是改良动植物经济性状的有效手段,因杂种子一代具有明显的杂种优势,故被广泛应用于生产实践中.本研究以拟穴青蟹和锯缘青蟹为亲本,建立了种间人工杂交技术,包括:拟穴青蟹和锯缘青蟹候选亲本挑选和暂养、雌雄亲本人工定向交配、受孕母本营养强化和抱卵蟹培育、人工育苗培育杂交子一代苗种.同时,采用肉眼和显微观察技术鉴定了杂交子一代蚤状幼体和仔蟹的表型特征,并采用分子生物学技术鉴定了杂交子一代的线粒体遗传特征.本研究为进一步开展经济蟹类种间杂交研究奠定了理论和实践基础,为海水养殖产业发展提供了新的思路.

Hybrid breeding is an effective breeding method to improve the economic characters of animals and plants,and the first-generation of hybrid progeny have obvious heterosis,so this method is widely used in production practice.In this study,the inter-specific artificial hybridization technique was established between Scylla paramamosain and S.serrata,including selection and temporary rearing of candidate parents,directional mating of male and female parents,nutritional enhancement of pregnant females and breeding of berried crabs,incubating and rearing of hybrid offspring.Furthermore,the phenotypic characters of the first-generation larvae and crablets were observed by eye and microscopic observation,meanwhile,the genetic characters of mitochondrion were identified by molecular technique.This study will not only lay a theoretical and practical foundation for further research on inter-specific hybridization of economic crabs,but also provide a new idea for the development of mariculture industry.