成瘾的行为学动物模型研究

Behavioral Animal Models of Addiction

药物成瘾是一种慢性复发性脑病,不仅给成瘾者自身造成严重的精神和躯体损害,而且还引起严重的社会和公共卫生危害,是急需解决的重大医学和社会学问题。药物成瘾之所以能造成如此严重危害的根本原因是复吸。到目前为止,国内外尚无理想的抗药物成瘾防复吸的有效药物及其他干预手段。深入探讨药物成瘾的神经生物学机制是寻找防复吸精准药物靶点,发现有效的防复吸药物的重要途径,而建立具有高临床特征代表性的动物模型又是开展药物成瘾神经生物学机制研究的基础。虽然绝大多数精神类疾病病因不清,但药物成瘾的病因学是清楚的,这为建立理想药物成瘾动物模型提供了便利条件。本文在回顾药物成瘾的经典动物模型的基础上,对药物成瘾动物模型的研究进展进行了综述,为正确认识、合理使用和不断完善药物成瘾动物模型提供有益的参考。

Drug addiction as a brain disease is a serious problem worldwide that has major consequences for both society and public health.Addiction causes such serious harm mainly because of high relapse to drug in human.Until now,there is no ideal effective drug and other intervention means to prevent drug addiction and relapse.Exploring the neurobiological mechanism of drug addiction is an important way to find precise drug targets and find effective drugs against relapse,and the establishment of animal models with high clinical characteristics is the basis for the study on the neurobiological mechanism of drug addiction.Although the etiology of most psychiatric diseases is unclear,the etiology of drug addiction is clear,which provides convenient conditions for the establishment of an ideal animal model of drug addiction.Based on the review of the classical animal models of drug addiction,this paper reviews the research progress of animal models of drug addiction,so as to provide useful references for the correct understanding,rational use and continuous improvement of animal models of drug addiction.