全人健康视域下的运动戒毒核心理念探讨

Core Concepts of Exercise on Drug Detoxification from a Holistic Health View

运动作为毒品成瘾预防与治疗的辅助手段,对戒毒有促进作用是毋容置疑的,但戒毒人员复吸率高也是不争的事实。影响戒毒人员复吸的因素既有生理层面的,也有心理层面的,更有人生观、价值观的影响,因此戒毒工作是一个全人教育的过程,运动戒毒理应贯彻全人教育的理念。目前的运动戒毒以"输血"为导向,是"授人以鱼"的过程,解决了强制戒毒所内戒毒人员的生理和心理层面的问题,缺乏戒毒人员自身"造血"能力提升的考虑,即没有强调戒毒人员内驱力的激发及终身运动良好习惯的培养,没有做到"授人以渔"。鉴于此,通过国内外戒毒理念、戒毒模式的系统梳理,国内吸毒人员社会人口学、身体、心理、行为等特点的深入剖析,结合运动戒毒实践工作中遇到的实际问题,从全人教育的视角确定运动戒毒工作的核心理念:科学训练,促进身体健康;寓训于乐,促进心理健康;激发内驱力,促进精神健康;授之以渔,促进再社会化。

There is no doubt that physical exercise,which considered as the precaution and complementary remedy for drug addictions,has positive effects on drug detoxification.However,the exorbitant relapse rate is also a well-established fact.Since factors affecting relapse rate not only contain physiological and psychological reasons,but also contain different outlook on life and values,the work of detoxification should be a holistic education process and exercise intervention on drug addiction should comply with a holistic education concept.Although"giving a man a fish"is the strategy of present exercise which physiologically and psychologically solves the problem of drug addicts in compulsory detoxification center,it ignores the consideration of"teaching fishing",in other words,"giving a man a fish"stratage pays no attation on stimulating the internal drive of those drug addicts and cultivates their habits of lifelong exercise.Therefore,the aim of the present study is to explore the core concept of exercise on drug detoxification from a holistic education perspective by systematically reviewing domestic and foreign theories and patterns of drug detoxification,thoroughly analyzing the features of social demography,health,psychology and behavior in domestic drug addicts,relating actual problems in performing exercise on drug rehabilitation.Conclutions:the core concepts of exercise on drug detoxification are,(1)promoting physical health of drug addicts with scientific training,(2)promoting mental health of drug addicts with fun exercise,(3)stimulating internal driveog drug addicts to change view of life,(4)promoting drug addicts to resocializate with"teaching fishing"not only offering fish.