运动干预对海洛因戒毒人员的影响

Efficacy of Physical Exercise in Treatment of Heroin Addiction

目的:本研究通过对海洛因成瘾者进行运动训练,探究运动干预对戒毒人员身体素质、心理素质、毒品渴求度等的影响。方法:选取太原市新店强制隔离戒毒所107例海洛因戒毒人员为受试者,进行10周运动干预。通过身高、体成分测试评价身体形态,采用肺活量、两公里走反映心肺功能,单脚闭眼和睁眼站立确定平衡素质,一分钟俯卧撑、握力和叉腰纵跳评价力量素质,5×5米往返跑反映灵敏和速度素质。通过焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、SCL-90、VAS毒品渴求度量表了解戒毒人员心理健康状况。应用双因素方差分析干预对不同组别戒毒人员的影响。结果:本研究结果显示训练后戒毒人员的体重、BMI、体脂百分比、腰臀比优于训练前(P<0.001)。此外,其心肺功能提升,表现为肺活量(P<0.001)提高、两公里总时间(P=0.018)减小。平衡素质特别是单脚闭眼站立时间(P=0.002)增加。力量、灵敏素质增强(P<0.001)。另外,训练后戒毒人员的心理素质也有一定程度的提升,表现为SAS(P=0.01)、SCL-90(P<0.05)、VAS毒品渴求度得分减少(P=0.029)。结论:心肺功能训练后,受试对象身体形态、机能趋于好转。特别是心肺耐力、速度、灵敏素质有明显提升。此外,运动干预也提高了戒毒人员心理素质,其中焦虑、抑郁强迫等情绪得到缓解。未来训练方案将有氧耐力训练作为训练重点内容,以期探索身体素质如何通过中介效应调节海洛因成瘾者的毒品渴求度。

Objective:The study was intended to explore the effects of physical exercise as a treatment for heroin addiction.Methods:107 cases of drug addicts of crude heroin from a compulsory isolation and rehabilitation center in Taiyuan were enrolled in this study,and all participated in a treatment intervention program of 10-weeks physical exercise.Body height,weight,and body composition were used to evaluate their body shape;one-leg standing,push-ups,grip force,countermovement jumps,sit and reach,5×5 shuttle running test and 2 km walking to evaluate physical fitness.The selfrating depression scale(SDS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),SCL-90 scale and the VAS scale were used to evaluate the mental health of drug addicts.The paired samples t-test was used to analyze the physical and mental changes of drug addicts pre-and post-intervention.Results:The results showed that after the excise program,improved testing items included body weight(P<0.001),fat percentage(P<0.001),waist-to-hip ratio(P<0.001),BMI(P<0.001),5×5 shuttle running speed(P<0.001),lung capacity(P<0.001),one-leg standing with closed eyes(p=0.002),push-ups,countermovement jumps,sit and reach,total time of 2 km.In addition,after exercise program,SAS(P=0.01),SCL-90(P<0.05),and drug craving score were also decreased.Conclusion:Exercise-based interventions may be a useful tool for managing crude heroin addiction.