南京国民政府时期的都市生命统计

Urban Vital Statistics During the Period of Nanjing National Government

南京国民政府时期,都市生命统计事业可分为“国情统计”“专业统计”两类。当时有一部分城市建立了生命统计委员会,专司都市生命统计事务,并展开了应用导向的调查人员规范培训。由于总体实力有限,某些都市生命统计事业存在空间不均质现象。南京国民政府时期都市生命统计广泛依靠生命统计调查员、警察、民众等多元力量进行,相关调查活动力求“记栽完确”“分析合理”,因此在步骤设计、表单规范、数理工具运用及学科建设方面用力颇深。然而囿于时代基础、事业定位的诸多主客观不足,南京国民政府时期都市生命统计的“精准”难免是相对的。而有关都市生命统计结果与医学特别是公共卫生学积极互动,形成了相长效果,回应了“卫生行政”的制度原点。

During the period of Nanjing National Government,the cause of urban vital sta­tistics can be divided into two categories:“national condition statistics”and“professional statis­tics”.At that time,some cities set up the Committee of vital statistics,specialized in urban vital statistics affairs,and launched the application-oriented standardized training for investigators.Due to the limited overall strength,there is a phenomenon of spatial heterogeneity in some urban vital statistics.During the period of Nanjing National Government,urban vital statistics was widely carried out by multiple forces such as vital statistics investigators,police and the public.The rele­vant investigation activities strive to“record accurately”and“analyze reasonably”.Therefore,it has made great efforts in the aspects of step design,form specification,mathematical tool applica­tion and discipline construction.However,due to many subjective and objective deficiencies in the foundation of the times and career positioning,the“accuracy”of urban vital statistics during the period of Nanjing national government is inevitably relative.The positive interaction between the results of urban vital statistics and medicine,especially public health,has formed a mutually beneficial effect,responding to the institutional origin of“health administration”.