十三陵水库工程修建始末

The History of the Ming Tombs Reservoir Construction

十三陵水库于1958年1月21日开工,6月30日宣布竣工,是当时的样板工程之一,其决策和修建过程具有鲜明的时代特征。目前史学界尚未见有对十三陵水库建设过程的深入研究。依据相关档案文献和当事人的访谈,系统梳理了十三陵水库工程的修建始末,发现,它是以特殊的"三边"(边勘测、边设计、边施工)方式修建。工程修建期间,毛泽东、周恩来等多位国家领导人亲赴工地参加劳动,产生了巨大的社会影响。但是,水库工程完工后发生严重的漏水问题,甚至多年干涸见底,无法发挥正常功能,后经多年反复改造才得以解决。十三陵水库的决策和建设过程是特殊历史时期的典型案例,对于研究中华人民共和国成立初期水利工程建设的历史具有重要意义。

The construction of the Ming Tombs Reservoir (MTR) started on 21 January,1958,and was announced its completion on 30 June in the same year.It was one of the exemplar projects.The decision-making and construction process of the MTR project were shaped by its political context,while there is no in-depth study of the history of MTR construction at present.Based on historical archives and literature,as well as interviews with the parties involved,this article conducts a systematic study of the history of construction of the MTR Project.It finds that,the project was constructed with a special method called "three-in-one" (survey,design,and construct at the same time).Many state leaders including Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai participated in labor on the construction site of MTR,which generated a huge social impact.After the completion of the reservoir,however,serious water leakage occurred and it even dried up for long,which severely affected the MTR from functioning.The problem was finally solved after many years of repeated repairing.The decision-making and construction process of MRT project is a typical case in a unique political period.It is an important part of the history of hydrological development in early P.R.China.