裁判文书援引宪法条文的类型划分及其规范建议——以民事裁判为分析对象

Classification of the constitutional provisions invoked in judgment documents and normative suggestions——Taking civil judgments as the analysis object

法院在民事裁判文书中援引宪法条文的方式主要分为规范型援引、说理型援引、回应型援引、宣示型援引和补充型援引等五种类型。不同类型的援引方式体现裁判者对宪法功能的不同定位。当前,援引宪法条文的实践存在一定的实践困境和理论混乱,缺乏统一的功能定位和操作规程,甚至存在司法权越界的嫌疑和可能,容易引发法律适用基础的逻辑混乱。对此,亟需明确援引的功能定位,严格规范援引方式;针对不同类型的宪法援引作出明确规定,禁止补充型援引和宣示型援引,规范回应型援引和说理型援引,在获得合法性依据之前,避免规范性援引。

The ways in which the courts invoke constitutional provisions in civil judgments are mainly divided into five types:normative invocation,rational invocation,response invocation,declarative invocation and supplementary invocation.Different types of invoking methods reflect the different positioning of the referee’s constitutional functions.At present,the practice of invoking constitutional provisions has certain practical dilemmas and theoretical confusion,lack of a unified functional positioning and operating procedures,and even with suspicion and possibility of judicial power’s crossing the boundary,which easily leads to logical confusion on the basis of law application.In this regard,it is urgent to clarify the functional positioning of invocations and strictly regulate the invocation methods;make clear provisions for different types of constitutional invocations,prohibit supplementary invocation and declarative invocation,regulate response invocation and rational invocation and avoid normative invocation before obtaining a legal basis.