艺术自治与艺术自治之外:《洛丽塔》仪式话语初探

The Autonomy of Art and Beyond: Ritual and Anti-Ritual Discourses in Lolita

小说《洛丽塔》是作家纳博科夫跨越现实与彼岸、美学与道德、生与死界限以实践其艺术自治的力作。纳博科夫通过重复仪式,力图对现实中“美学狂喜”的缺失提出思辨,建立艺术自治话语,并借反仪式话语扭转柏拉图话语的尊卑关系,从而对艺术自治之自洽提出反思。作者最终通过仪式肯定生命,重现希腊悲剧,打破艺术自治之阈限。如此,在《洛丽塔》这部严肃文学作品中,美学、道德、哲学维度得以交融。纳博科夫在书写仪式/反仪式话语上的努力,为其超验于艺术自治这一现代主义核心信条提供了可能。

Lolita is an embodiment of Nabokov’s faith in the autonomy of art, of crossing between reality and the otherworld, aesthetics and ethics, mortality and immortality. By reiterating rituals, Nabokov seeks to establish the discourse of art’s autonomy in his reevaluation of the absence of "aesthetic bliss" in real life, to critique the self-consistency of the autonomy of art by applying anti-ritual discourse to Platonic discourse of "absence and presence". Finally, in his ritualistic affirmation of the Dionysian spirit of ancient Greek tragedy, Nabokov reaches beyond the limitation of art’s autonomy. Thus, in a serious literary tour de force, the dimensions of aesthetics, ethics and metaphysics are merged and awakened. Nabokov’s toil in giving speech to ritual and anti-ritual discourses paves the way for his transcendence of the core Modernistic tenet of art’s autonomy.