“葵丘之盟”“陈牲而不杀”现象探析

An Analysis of the Phenomenon of“sacrifice not killed”in Kui Qiu Alliance

“葵丘之盟”正处于由“公盟”转向“私盟”的关键节点。《春秋穀梁传》所载“葵丘之盟”“陈牲而不杀”,可以理解为陈牲而不歃血,是盟誓礼仪的一种简化形式。《春秋左传正义》与《春秋公羊传注疏》皆认为盟誓过程中不歃血,则《春秋》经文中不书盟,这显然与“葵丘之盟”“陈牲而不杀”现象相矛盾。“陈牲而不杀”现象的形成不仅与齐桓公敦厚诚信、势力强盛有关,而且也与礼制束缚、父子承袭、图霸策略有关。“陈牲而不杀”是齐桓公尊王守礼的一种表现,《春秋左氏传》和《春秋公羊传》对“葵丘之盟”持有否定态度,因而没有记载这一现象。

The Alliance of Kui Qiu is at the critical point from "public alliance"to"private alliance".The write of"sacrifice not killed"in The Spring and Autumn Grain and Beam Biography,can be interpreted as sacrifice not being sacrificed for blood,which is a simplified form of oath ceremony."Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan justice"and"Chun Qiu Gongyang Chuanshu"both believe that the oath process is not blood oath,then the"Chun Qiu"scripture is not written oath,this interpretation is obviously inconsistent with the Kui Qiu alliance"not killed"phenomenon.The formation of the phenomenon of"sacrificing instead of killing"was not only related to the Huangong’s honest,honest and powerful influence,but also related to the restraint of rites,the succession of father and son,and the strategy of tuba."sacrifice not killed"was a manifestation of the Huangong’s ritual of respecting the king.The Biographies of Zuo in the Spring and Autumn period and of RAMS in the Spring and Autumn Period held a negative attitude towards the alliance between Kuiqiu,so they did not record this phenomenon.