天然气中氡的研究进展

Source,migration and detection of radon in natural gas

氡是放射性惰性气体,为铀、钍衰变的中间产物——镭的直接子体。在天然气开发过程中,氡及其子体会随着天然气开采不断进入地表系统,对设备及人体造成危害。回顾了近10年国内外对天然气中氡的研究,介绍了氡的来源、危害、释放机制、检测方法与影响因素,收集了部分国家天然气中氡的含量。随着近年来深部页岩气开采量的不断扩大,页岩气中的氡受到了学者们的广泛关注。美国东北部的Marcellus页岩气中氡含量在37~95 312 Bq/m^(3)之间;我国目前还未系统开展相关天然气中氡含量的研究工作,仅在1994年左右有过相关报道,且我国天然气中氡含量均值位居世界中值,但家庭用气时,可能导致室内氡含量升高。总结了目前常用天然气中氡的检测方法,建议大力开展天然气中氡的检测与研究,并加强对天然气中氡的防范治理。

Radon,a radioactive inert gas,is a direct daughter of radium,an intermediate product of the decay of uranium and thorium. Radon and its daughters enter the surface system with the extraction of natural gas,causing harm to equipment and human body. This paper introduces the source,harm,release mechanism,detection method and influencing factors of radon,and collects the content of radon in natural gas in some countries. With the continuous expansion of shale gas exploitation in recent years,radon in shale gas has been widely concerned.Radon levels in Marcellus shale gas in the northeastern United States are at 37-95 312 Bq/m^(3). At present,there is no systematic research on radon content in natural gas in China,and only relevant reports published around1994. The average radon content in natural gas in China is similar to or slightly lower than the median radon content of natural gas in the world,but the indoor radon content may increase when domestic gas is used. The detection methods of radon in natural gas are summarized. It is suggested that the detection and research of radon in natural gas should be vigorously carried out,and the prevention and control of radon in natural gas should be strengthened.