锯切式铅酸蓄电池破拆机及其破碎特性研究

Study of Sawing Type Lead-acid Battery Breaking Device and Cutting Characteristic

针对废旧铅酸蓄电池拆解回收中存在机械化程度及拆解效率低,人工拆解负荷较高等问题,设计一种以汽车用铅酸蓄电池为拆解对象的废旧铅酸蓄电池破拆机,采用左右齿型圆盘锯切割方式,对关键部件锯切机构进行了设计,并进行了切割特性试验。结果表明,不同锯切刀具进给速度下,切痕平均宽度在4.6 mm-4.7 mm之间,切削颗粒形态为规则的长方形,平均长度尺寸在6.8 mm-7.2 mm之间;随刀具转速从700 r/min增加到1100 r/min,电池极柱的切痕宽度和切削颗粒物大小逐渐增加,电池壳体切削颗粒物形态由低转速时的规则四边形过渡到高转速时的长条丝状。以锯片转速700 r/min,锯切进给速度5.0 mm/s进行电池整体锯切试验,结果表明设计的破拆机能够实现废旧铅酸蓄电池上下壳体与电池腔体的破拆,切割后产生的塑料和铅粒颗粒物形态规则均匀,颗粒粒径在6-8 mm之间,满足回收企业对电池破拆物后续处理工艺的要求。

In order to solve the problems of low mechanization degree,low dismantling efficiency and high artificial load in the process of dismantling and recycling of waste lead-acid batteries,a kind of waste lead-acid battery dismantling machine for automobile was designed.The design adapt tooth type disk saw cutting method and the key parts of the sawing machine was put forward.Based on the design machine,the cutting characteristic tests were carried out.The results show that at different feed rate the average width of the cut mark is between 4.6-4.7 mm and the shape of the cutting particle is regular rectangle with the average length size between 6.8-7.2 mm.With the increase of the cutting speed from 700 r/min to 1100 r/min,the width of the cutting mark of the battery pole column and the size of the cutting particles gradually increase.The shape of the cutting particles of the battery shell changes significantly from the regular quadrilateral at low speed to the long filaments at high speed.The whole battery saw cutting test was carried out with a saw blade speed of 700 r/min and a saw feed speed of 5.0 mm/s.Results show that the designed breaker can achieve the demolition of the upper-lower shell of waste lead-acid battery with the battery cavity.The plastic and lead particles generated after cutting are uniform in shape,with the particle size between 6-8 mm which meets the requirements of recycling enterprises for the subsequent treatment of the battery broken objects.